Antibody
immune system
Contractile
muscle, actin/myosing muscles
Messengers
insulin / glycogen
Structural
carbohydrates, collagen
storage
casein - milk
transport
hemoglobin
enzymes
ETP synthase?
gene expression
well
Proteins
do everything except instruction manual and long term energy storage.
Mutation results in AA substitution
Effect depends on:
what was the change?
what part of the protein?
and how vital was the protein?
Protein domain
collection of proteins that descend from a common ancestor
and share similar functions, sequence or structure
Exon shuffling
hybrid genes, breaking and joining of exons of one gene w/ another
Motif duplication ??
...
Robustness & stability
How much can the AA sequence change and still do its job
How well the job is done despite environmental variability
Purfying selection (negative)
reduced genetic diversity
Positive selection
advantageous sweeps population
De novo
new gene evolve from non-genic ancestral dna (RARE)