Unit 1 AP Psych review Flashcards

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes in humans and animals

focuses on the structure or basic elements of the mind using introspection, focuses on simple precipitations as well as feelings aroused by various sensations

is other wise known as self- reflection, or examining ones own thoughts

studies how mental and behavioral processes function, analyzes how these mental and behavioral processes allow an organism to adapt survive and flourish in their enviornment

is a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something

focuses on observable behaviors as well as how our behaviors are influenced by our enviornment

emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind

emphasizes the human capacity for growth and choice and motivates people to reach their full potential

studies mental processes such as memory, problem solving, ect

studies the biological reasoning behind an individuals physical and mental processes

studies how evolution explains physiological process

studies how society and culture shapes behavior and cognition

created structuralism and is known as the father of modern pyschology

was the first woman to complete her PhD in psychology

created functionalism and is known as the father of American psychology

came up with the evolutionary perspective as well as the concept of natural selection

was the first woman president of the APA, although she was denied of a PhD because of her gender

advocated for the mentally ill and opened up the first mental hospitals all over the US and Europe

created psychodynamic perspective and is known as the father of psychoanalysis

studied the behavioral perspective as well as classical conditioning

studied the behavioral perspective as well as operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement

studied the behavioral perspective as well as aversive conditioning

studied the cognitive perspective and came up with the 4 stages of cognitive development

studied the humanistic perspective and came up with client-centered therapy

tests a hypothesis and establishes causation; this method involves manipulating variables and determining cause/ effect relationships

is the factor that the experimenter controls and manipulates

is the variable that the researcher measures

are how the dependent variables in studies are defined and measured

is all individuals who can potentially participate in the study

is a sample that has characteristics similar to thoes in the population

means that each member of the population has the same chance of getting selected into the sample

ensures that all members have an equal chance of being placed in either the control or the experimental group

is the group that is given no treatment; it is used to control for possibly of other factors skewing results

is the group that is exposed to the independent variable

are the correct rules of conduct and moral principles necessary when carrying out research

include informed consent, debriefing, protection, confidentiality, minimalized deception, and permission to withdraw at any time

are used to see if there is a relationship between 2 variables, these studies do not involve the manipulation of variables and use scatterplots to map data, can predict the possibility of cause-and-effect relationships but cannot prove them, there may also be a 3rd or confounding variable that can explain the results

ranges from +1.00 and -1.00; the weaker the relationship is, the closer the r value is to 0

means that the 2 variables increase or decrease together

means that as 1 variable increases, the other decreases, and vice versa

wants a detailed understanding of the experience of the research participants, there are 3 main types of descriptive research: case study, survey method, and naturalistic observation

an in-depth study of a single person, group, or phenomenon, strength: provides a detailed analysis of a phenomenon, weakness: it cannot be generalized

is a questionnaire to asks a large number of people questions, strength: collects a large amount of data, weakness: results can be easily distorted

involves careful observation of animals or people in their natural environment, strength: descriptive data with wide applicability, weakness: loss of experimental control

techniques for organizing or summarizing data sets

allow you to interpret data or draw conclusions

mean, median and mode

the average number in a data set, calculated by adding up all the scores and then dividing by how many scores there are in total

the middle number in a set of scores, found by placing the score in value order and finding the middle

the most frequently occurring score in a data set, found by figuring out the score that appears the most

the estimate of variation, found by subtracting the largest score minus the lowest score

found by a bell curve, where the pattern of score mirror the pattern on the other side of the mean

caused by an extremely low score

caused by an extremely high score

the average distance from the mean for a set of scores

the measure of the likelihood that the difference between groups is not due to chance alone