Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following
sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least
inclusive to
most inclusive?
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?
the number of protons in the atom
Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?
Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food
A disaccharide forms when
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis
Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
the chemical properties of their R groups.
Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein
structure; function
Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
COOH
Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false ?
Many lipids function as enzymes
Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
cellulose, starch, and glycogen
A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a/an
polysaccharide
Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
amino acids
Lactose intolerance
does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
Fatty acids are
hydrophobic
Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in the East African herders spread so rapidly within the population?
It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts and cold winters
Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is composed of
three pairs of subunits, two heavy chains, and
two pairs of two
different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin
contains what level(s) of proteinstructure?
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
to speed up chemical reactions
Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls and is
found in your tears, mucus, and saliva. A
mutation occurs in the
gene for lysozyme that results in a lysine (a positively charged amino
acid) being substituted for an
arginine (also a positively
charged amino acid). Do you think that the mutant lysozyme will
function similarly to the
normal lysozyme?
yes, because both lysine and arginine are positively charged so the tertiary structure and therefore function should be simila
Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?
an enzyme
Which meal is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and high in unsaturated fats
a bowl of spaghetti tossed with olive oil, artichokes, and broccoli
The primary structure of a protein is
amino acid sequence
Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.
Peptide bonds
link amino acids
The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in
saturated fats
Many names for sugars end in the suffix
ose
Cellulose differs from starch in that
most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false?
All functional groups include a carbon atom.
Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?
DNA, nucleotides
Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true?
Oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.
Clots in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke by blocking
blood flow. If a clot were made up of a mass of
proteins, what
changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot?
The proteins were no longer soluble in the blood
A solution with a pH of 7 is
neutral
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule
and the oxygen atoms of other water
molecules.
In ocean acidification, dissolving CO2 gas ________ the pH of the ocean.
lowers
Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its
hydrogen bonds
How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?
Coral reefs will grow slower because there are fewer carbonate ions available
A nutrition facts label from a fortified cereal states that in a
single serving of cereal there is 8% of the percent daily
value
of the element phosphorous. The label also says that a single serving
of cereal plus one-half cup of skim milk has
20% of the percent
daily value of phosphorus. Which of the following statements is false?
A half-cup of skim milk contains twice as much phosphorus as a serving of cereal.
In the equation 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are ________ and
the H2O molecules are ________
______
reactants; products
In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help
reduce tooth decay.
In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a ________ bond.
polar covalent
Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt?
iodine
The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom
by ________ bonds, whereas neighboring
water molecules are held
together by ________ bonds.
polar covalent; hydrogen
Radioactive isotopes
can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases
As ice melts
hydrogen bonds are broken
Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the
active ingredient of the pill (the drug) is joined to
another
substance by ________. This forms a/an ________, which is stable in
the dry environment of a pill bottle but
dissociates under the
wet conditions of the digestive system to release the drug to the body.
ionic bonds; salt
What happens to an atom if the electrons in the outer shell are altered?
The properties of the atom change
What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons
12
Which of the following hypotheses would be supported if liquid water
were found on Mars and contained evidence of
bacteria-like organisms?
the chemical evolution of life is possible
Which of the following statements about water is false?
Ice is more dense than liquid water
Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that
insects fly around a bright lamp at night.
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom.
When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains ________
electrons, and the outermost shell contains
________ electrons.
2; 8
A hypothesis is
a proposed explanation for a set of observations
What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?
An organ system includes tissues.
The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad
and ridged. This makes the teeth suitable for
grinding and
chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that
are good for puncturing and ripping
flesh. This illustrates
a result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function
Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?
Energy cycles from organisms through the atmosphere and back to the organisms
During a discussion about ecosystems, a student says, "Plants
eat sunlight, and animals eat other organisms." Which
of the
following responses to the student's comment is most accurate?
Plants don't eat sunlight, they use it to make sugars.
Which of the following statements about evolution is true?
Evolution can result in adaptations.
You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have
started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt.You think to yourself
that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new
sweatshirt style. This is an example
of
a hypothesis
Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?
Fungi
If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle.
What levels of organization are represented in
this ground-up muscle?
organelle, cell, and tissue
In an ecosystem, energy
typically flows from producers through a series of consumers
The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants,
a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of
bacteria. Together,
all of these organisms represent
a community.
Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
Bacteria and Archaea.
A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that
two versions of the experiment are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable.
onsider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have
backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles
have
backbones." This statement is an example of
deductive reasoning
Which of these sequences is not a correct pathway of energy through an ecosystem?
bacteria → plants → birds
Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that
has a membrane
Which of the following statements about genetics is true?
Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
testable and falsifiable.
Kingdom Fungi includes species
that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients
An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria
to be more resistant to that antibiotic.
Members of the kingdom Animalia
can obtain their food by eating other organisms
Which of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Individual organisms experience genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment
Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?
Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem
The role of a control in an experiment is to
provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
A phsosolipid is composed of
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids
The abilty to stain protein molecules with a fluorescent dye would most clearly allow researchers to go beyond what thye could previously detected twith a microscope
Detect ribosome activity
Nucleus of cell
contains dna
Fuction of chroloplasts
photosynthesis
A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of a partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from flagella inhis sperm cells. A physicina explains tha could intefre with fertiliy by
preventing sperm from swimming
Insulin is a protein that is priduced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes
rough ER, tansport vesicles, goli apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
Much of the intracellular structure of a eukaryoutic cell is involved in protein synthesis
Most of the protein measuresd in the cells was likely synthesized by
ribosomes
8000 times bigger
A scanning electron microscope
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or baterial. Which one has a cell wall
plant cell
Studies of the endomembrane stemoften
What likey happen during inteventing time?
In the golgi before being seen in t
Intermiate filaments
surround the nucleus
Light microscopes
use light and glass lenses to magnify
The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for cancer biologist to do what
Determine the effect of the drugs on protein sythesis at varios times in the cell cycle
Skin is the body largest organ its made up of diifern types of cells
Based in the function you would expect melancytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
ribosomes
The nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells
contains the cells dna
Developemnt of coronary artery
Fish oil
A major type of lipid found in cell membrane is
phospholipids (water-proof)
Thse two molecules are structural isomers diffence
location of double bonded
Celluolose differs from starch
most animals cannot break down cellulose starch is easily digested
structural proteins
found in hair and tendons
how thse two amino acid attached together
amino acids grouped to the carboxyllic acid
Amino group
Nh2 ammonia
High fructose corn syrup made from corn the main carbohydrates in corn is a polysaccharide called
starch
Example if secondary structure in proteins
an alpha helix
Hydrocarbons are inorganic (false)
Anything that has carbon is organic (true)
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