body receive nerve impulse from where?
dendrites
body sends nerve impulse to where?
axon
nature of the nerve impulse is?
electrical and based by the ion Na+
what is the communication between neurons?
chemical
What are chemicals that make communication between two neurons possible?
Neurotransmitters
excitatory neurotransmitters are characterized as like?
green traffic light; lets nerve impulse pass
Inhibitory neurotransmitters are characterized as like?
red traffic light; it stops nerve impulses.
Enkephalins and Endorphins are what type of pain killers?
Natural Pain killers.
which inhibitory neurotransmitter brings down the mood?
GABA
What is the membrane called covering the brain and spinal cord for protection?
Meninges
what is the first layer of the meninges?
the dura mater.
the outermost layer and contains blood vessels is the?
Dura mater
below the Dura mater is the? (second layer of meninges)
the Arachnoid mater
what is thin, branched, and have no blood vessels ?
the arachnoid mater.
the third layer of the meninges would be?
the Pia mater
the inner most layer which is attached to the brain and spinal cord is considered as the?
Pia mater
the space between the bone an dura mater is called the?
epidural space
the space between the arachnoid mater and dura mater is called?
Subdural space
the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is?
subarachnoid space
what is the most important space in the meninges that has fluid?
the subarachnoid space
what fluid does the subarachnoid space have?
CSF - cerebrospinal fluid
four important parts of the brain are?
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem
what is the largest and highest part of the brain and has voluntary function?
the cerebrum
what is the second largest part of the brain, and is located on the back of the brain, below the occipital lobe?
cerebellum
Diencephalon has 3 parts of the brain
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus; all are considered as the?
Diencephalon
what is the lowest part of the brain and the vital center of the brain?
Brain stem
( 3 parts ) the midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata are all considered as?
The brain stem
bulged areas in the brain are called?
Gyri
Depressed areas in the brain are called?
Sulci
DEEP depressed areas are called?
Fissures
what breaks down the brain to the left hemisphere and right hemisphere?
Longitudinal fissure
which hemisphere is dominant and is in control of verbal communication and analysis?
Left hemisphere
what hemisphere is nondominant and has the responsibility of nonverbal communication, emotions, artistic ability, and as well as musical?
Right hemisphere.
what does it mean for the cerebrum to work contralateral?
the left hemisphere controls the right side and the right hemisphere controls the left side
the bridge of the nerve that controls the left to the right side of the hemisphere is called the?
corpus callosum
what is the largest lobe that has the responsibility of personality, behavior, controlling movement, thinking, and problem solving?
frontal lobe
what lobe does the Bora area have? (motor speech)
Left frontal lobe
what lobe has the responsibility of skin senses?
parietal lobe
what lobe has the responsibility of hearing, memory, and some emotions?
temporal lobe?
where is the Wernicke's area located at?
Left temporal lobe
what part of the brain has the responsibility of speech?
the wernike's area
what lobe has the responsibility of vision and visual perception?
the occipital lobe.
what is the function of the cerebellum?
back, balance, posture and coordination
the cerebellum is ipsilateral which means?
left lobe controls left side and right lober controls right side
what is the connection of the Left lobe and right lobe of the cerebellum called?
Vermis
what is the relaying center of the brain and gives conscious awareness of some senses? ( pain and temperature)
the thalamus
what makes hormones, and controls homeostasis, controls thirst, electrolytes, huger, blood glucose, heart rate, sleep, and wakefulness?
the hypothalamus
the pineal glans and pituitary gland makes up the?
Epithalamus
what makes the hormone, melatonin?
Pineal gland
The cranial numbers to the brain stem is?
III to XII ( 3 to 12 )
reflex movement of the head and neck in response to sound is the function of the?
Midbrain
Respiration: 1) Respiratory rate, 2) Depth of respiration are the functions of?
the Pons
Heart control center: 1) Heart rate 2) heart rhythm
Respiratory control center 1) Inspiration center 2) Expiration center
Vasomotor center - controls blood pressure
all these are the functions of?
the medulla oblongata
what center controls blood pressure?
vasomotor center
CN I ->
Olfactory nerve: smell
CN II ->
Optic nerve, vision
CN III ->
Oculomotor: moves eyeball
CN IV ->
Trochlea : rolling eyes
CN V ->
Trigeminal nerve, Largest CN, Sensory of face, three branches
CN VI ->
Abducens: Lateral movement of the eyeball
CN VII ->
facial nerve: face movement, taste
CN VIII ->
vestibular nerve: hearing and balance
CN IX ->
Glossopharyngeal: swallowing food
CN X ->
vagus nerve, the longest nerve, all visceral organs (Chest, abdomen, and pelvic), Parasympathetic
CN XI ->
Accessory, shoulder
Cn XII ->
hypoglossal nerve, speech
Cavities in the brain filled with fluid is called?
Brain ventricles
the first and second ventricle is the?
L and R lateral ventricle; considered as the largest
the smallest ventricle is the?
fourth ventricle
what connects lateral ventricles to the third one?
Interventricular foramen
what connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th one?
the Aqueduct
CSF
800 cc
Won't circulate
Factory: choroid plexuses in the ventricle
Absorption: arachnoid villi
involuntary rapid movements which require a stimulus are called?
reflexes
the receptor, sensory nerve, CNS, motor nerve, and effector is the?
reflex pathway
skeletal muscles is considered as what type of reflex?
somatic
smooth muscle cardiac muscle, or glands is condidered as what type of reflex
autonomic