Lower Extremities // Lecture 2 (Exam #1) Flashcards

• pain
• symptoms
• concerns/fear
• cost
• acess/ease of use
• previous experience with healthcare
• to be heard/cared for

• Perceived susceptibility
• Perceived benefit to taking action vs. Perceived barriers to taking
  action
• Perceived seriousness

• Physical harm?
• Pain?
• Disability?
• identity

1. Self-report measures
2. Performance-based measures
3. Observer-reported measures => parent or caregiver
4. Clinician-reported measures =>HCP fills out

• often called patient-reported outcomes, PROs
• Typically questionnaires
• Can be disease-specific or generic
  • Disease, example: the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS)
• Generic: Lower Extremity Functional Scale [kind of] (LEFs), QoL scales, GROC, SF-12
• Goal: patient beliefs, social factors, health factors

• Objective measurements (scores) or qualitative (quality of a movement)
• Goal: physiologic factors

qualitative & quantitative

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

intrinsic components of a test that reveal
information about a test's adequacy, relevance, and usefulness

they measure what they are intended to measure

they are stable over time (repeatable)

they can detect changes over time

no change in probability, the test is useless

• ~15% increase in probability = small amount
• ~30% = moderate amount
• ~45% = pretty high!

• ~15% decrease
• ~30% decrease
• ~45% decrease

• The proportion of those with a positive test that have the disease

The proportion of those with a negative test that do not have the disease

Proportion of people with a disease that have a positive test

Proportion of people without a disease that have a negative test

• The ability of the tool to measure what it is intended to measure
• It implies that a tool must be relatively free from error (i.e. reliable)

• The extent to which a measurement is consistent and free from error
  • i.e. reproducibility or dependability of a measurement

• The degree to which the scores of a tool are consistent with
  hypotheses based on the abstract concept (does it measure the theoretical component of the construct or variable?)

• Tests the hypothesis that the tool is not improperly

• The degree to which a culturally adapted tool is equivalent to

1. Content Validity
2. Construct Validity
3. Discriminant Validity
4. Criterion (-based) Validity
5. Concurrent Validity
6. Predictive Validity
7. Cross-Cultural