Cystic fibrosis is associated with
bronchiectasis
The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Croup is characterized by
a barking cough.
Which complication of asthma is life threatening?
Status asthmaticus
Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have
a productive cough.
When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of
IgE.
A major risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease is
immunosuppression.
In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?
Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction
Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of
release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells.
Which assessment would support a diagnosis of type A COPD rather than type B COPD
Normal PaCO2, scant sputum, accessory muscle use, barrel chest
A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is
dry cough.
The most definitive diagnostic method for active tuberculosis is acquired via
sputum culture.
Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection?
Cyanosis
Asthma is categorized as a(n)
obstructive pulmonary disorder.
The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is
hypoxemia.
The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who
has had diarrhea for over a week
When preparing for the admission of a client diagnosed with bronchiectasis, the nurse will
put a sputum cup and a box of tissues on the bedside table.
Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of
acute respiratory distress syndrome.
An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with
hypokalemia.
The primary cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is
lack of surfactant.
Respiratory acidosis is associated with
increased carbonic acid.
What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
Infants
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of
cellular fluid shifts.
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include
weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to
metabolic acidosis.
The nurse provides teaching regarding dietary intake of potassium to avoid an electrolyte imbalance when a patient
has chronic heart failure that is treated with diuretics.
Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?
Carbonic
Hyperaldosteronism causes
ECV excess and hypokalemia.
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by
hypoventilation.
What is the most likely explanation for a diagnosis of hypernatremia in an elderly patient receiving tube feeding?
Inadequate water intake
Which change in a patient’s assessment has the greatest urgency?
Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing
The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is
hyperkalemia.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
bounding pulse
How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone–related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?
Serum calcium, bowel function, level of consciousness
The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
A patient, who is 8 months pregnant, has developed eclampsia and is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures. To determine if her infusion rate is too high, you should regularly
check the patellar reflex; if it becomes weak or absent, her infusion rate probably is too high and she is at risk for respiratory depression or cardiac arrest.
A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of
increased neuromuscular excitability.
Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability?
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop
respiratory alkalosis.
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by
deficiency of ATP