pathophysiology mid term Flashcards

1. A case study!!! A patient e exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus developed a pharyngeal infection. Clinic examination: oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. Complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of disease is

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces …What kind of necrosis.

Reperfusion injury to cells

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

What roles does inflammation play in cancer development?

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions because

RhoGAM is given to an Rh-negative mother in order to prevent

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing

What information about INR does the nurse understand?

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation

A case study ….patient diagnosed with hypertension, returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle because it increases

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

the nurse understands that which is the correct description of a Korotkoff sound

The primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST-segment elevation are treated with…

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called what kind of angina

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

First-degree heart block is characterized by

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This patient is most likely described as a(n)

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock

Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with

Emphysema results from the destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of

Cystic fibrosis is associated with

Croup is characterized by

COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

Empyema is defined as an

Pneumocystis is a term that refers to a

major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis is

Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is

Which alteration can lead to edema

Hypernatremia may be caused by Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include

Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

A patient is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment