AP US History Vocab Flashcards

english laws that promoted young men to voyage to the New World in hopes of economic oppurtunity

leg of the transatlantic “Triangular Trade” in which millions of Africans were transported to the Americas; it is estimated 12 million africans were transported and unknown millions died enroute.

Aka separatists; this group of fled from England for Holland then later came to the New World and founded the plymouth colony.

Founder of the colony of Pennsylvania as a safe haven for quakers

Spanish system that mad eit legal to control and oppress American Indians; in exchange the spanish would protect and “teach” the Indians christianity.

Economic policy of england which was a system of state;assisted manufacturing thatled to increased exports and favorable balance of trade ; more gold coming into England rather than leaving

religious dissenter who was banished from Massachusetts Bay for advocating separation of church and state and purchasing land from the Indians, he would create the colony of Rhode Island

main source of labor in the Chesapeake region; for the payment of their passage they were “rented slaves” for a period of 5 to 7 years.

land grant of 50 acres given to anyone who financed the passage of new settlers; by 1700 the Virginia Company had issued land to 86,000 persons.

peaceful coexistence between Puritans and Indians ended with this began when fighting erupted; resulted in 3/4s of the Indians population was killed or removed from the southern Massachusetts which paved the way for additional English settlements.

the first representative form of government in the history of the United States, convened in 1619, they made laws and levied taxes.

most successful uprising in American history;Pope ( leader of the uprising, launched an assault against the SPanish after decades of abuse and exploitation; resulted in the preservation of their culture.

period of hysteria, in ten months nineteen people were hung and hundreds were imprisoned, ended when prominent individuals including the governor’s wife was accused

the first permanent English settlement

series of laws passed by the British parliament to regulate trade, aim of the laws was to bolster English power and finances

refers to the migration of thousands of Englsih Puritans to Massachususetts; they came to the NewWorld to escape religious presecution.

refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. Disease killed millions of natives, while new foods brought from the Americas sustained larger populations in Europe.

First attempt by British (Sir Walter Raleigh) to settle North America in 1587 that failed. Before Jamestown and Plymouth were settled, Roanoke Island, NC played host to the first English;speaking colonists in America, but when ships returned to resupply the 100 man settlement, they were mysteriously gone.

An armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. The colony's dismissive policy as it related to the political challenges of its western frontier, along with barring common colonists from the governor's inner circle, helped to motivate a popular uprising against Berkeley who had failed to address the demands of the colonists.

a revivalist preacher who played a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening. His most famous work was "Sinners in the hands of an Angry God," and he was also the grandfather of Aaron Burr, third Vice President of the United States, who shot and killed Alexander Hamilton.

An act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from a direct tax on the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the revolutionary movement against the British Crown.

Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765. The declaration stated that the Parliament's authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies.

an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others. The incident was heavily propagandized by leading Patriots, such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams, to fuel animosity toward the British authorities

established in Boston in 1764 . They were shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution. They coordinated responses to England and shared their plans; by 1773 they had emerged as shadow governments.

On the night of December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty boarded three ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. This resulted in the passage of the punitive Coercive Acts in 1774 and pushed the two sides closer to war.

American Patriots' term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston Harbor.

was a war that was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the French Indian War

issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.

world war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven;year period from 1756 to 1763. The French and Indian War (1754;1763) comprised the North American theatre of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756;1763. The war pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as by Native American allies. The costly expense of the war would mark a shift in how the British ruled its colonies from a pre;war stance of relative indifference that permitted colonial autonomy, to one of direct intervention so as to alleviate their massive war debt.

first battle of the Revolutionary War, fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775, when British troops had moved from Boston toward Lexington and Concord to seize the colonists' military supplies and arrest revolutionaries.

a very influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775;76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.

ended the French and Indian War. France was forced to give up all its land in the New World.This ended the French threat to the colonies.

were a group of male patriots that wanted to protect the colonist's rights from the British. Most of them ended up fighting in the Revolutionary War.

was the 1st law passed to raise tax revenue in America. It was also know as the Revenue Act. This Act reduced taxes on molasses and sugar, enforced the Navigation Act, and increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

was a meeting in New York that only nine states showed up for. They discussed the new taxes and the problems they caused.They suggested a boycott, and Parliament eventually repealed the Stamp Act.

a search warrant issued by Parliament that gives British government officials the right to enforce trade and navigation laws.

a political organizer and speaker in the Revolutionary times. He lead the Boston Tea Party, created the Committees of Correspondence, and signed the Dec. of Independence.

met in 1774 with only 12/13 states attending. They met to discuss how to respond to the Intolerable Acts as one body.

was the author of Common Sense, which was a pamphlet encouraging the colonists to support total independence from the crown.

a major player in the Revolutionary times. He was a representative in the two Continental Congresses, he represented the British soldiers during the Boston Massacre Trial, he signed the Dec. of Independence, and he later on became President.

British for a century didn't really enforce laws on colonists, especially with navigation acts. Colonists used to running law on their own, Britain ignores the law with them.

A fifteenth;century European ship capable of long;distance travel.

Originally from Massachusetts bay colony, held her own prayer meetings. Inspired by Martin luther. Denied that salvation could be obtained from good deeds. Went to Rhode Island in exile

Found west indies strain of tobacco. English colonist , married pocahontas

Wanted to purify church of england, disagreed wih the catholic rituals practiced in the church of england. Believed in predestination

Led the puritans, first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony,

Virginian governor who isolated control to a few select elite, corrupted the government. Bribed all the officisls /legislators

priest that said that the spanish should try to convert native americans to christianity by showing them love gentleness and kindness.

Spanish philosopher who was in the Great Debate. Opposed de las Casas, and believed the conquest of the Natives was good

Deism was a way of thinking, rather than an established religion. Deists were influenced by the Enlightenment, as they thought that a Supreme Being created the world and then allowed it to operate by natural laws. However, the being did not intervene in people's lives. They relied on natural reason to define right and wrong (moral sense). Deists usually consisted of artisans, wealthy Virginia planters, and affluent seaport merchants.

John Locke was a political philosopher who wrote "Two Treatises on Government (1690)". This document rejected the divine;right monarchy celebrated by James II, and it also described how a government's legitimacy depends on the people it governs. It also explained how people should have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property. This document had a lasting influence on America.

Benjamin Franklin was the exemplar of the American Enlightenment. He educated himself by reading frequently, and later, he fled to Pennsylvania and became a printer. He later founded the "Pennsylvania Gazette", as well as a club that would discuss politics and standards of living in the community. He was also a deist who believed slavery was immoral. As an inventor, he developed the bifocal lenses for eyeglasses, the Franklin stove, and the lightning rod. His contributions to science and his book on electricity made him one of the most famous scientists ever.

Whitefield was known for developing and promoting the revival concept into what is known as the "Great Awakening". He had a very influential impact on the people from Georgia to Massachusetts, as he would spread the word of pietism and the Great Awakening. His words helped to guide people to a "new light" and understand the importance of Whitefield's words (these people were known as "New Lights").

The Great Awakening was a movement to emphasize the importance of religious faith and God. The word of this pietism spread across America, converting people into Christians (New Lights) and strengthening the faith of God. Some had disagreed with the religious system that was being introduced to the people (Old Lights), but others fought back and spread the message around. Not only did it undermine legally established churches, but it also challenged the authority of all ministers and their reputations.

New members of the church during the Great Awakening.

Traditional members of the church during the Great Awakening.

From Genoa, set sail in three small shios , landed in Bahamas. Often wrongly given credit for finding the Americas. Cruel. Converted native populations. In search for Asian riches, exploited native american resources and natives themselves

an eighteenth;century movement in Western philosophy. It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. It was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. Some classifications of this period also include 17th;century philosophy, which is typically known as the Age of Reason.

designed to aid the floundering East India Company and in fact made tea cheaper; however colonists felt that it broadsided colonial merchants and smugglers and was an effort to garner support for previous taxe

The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, governed by a "president general" and a "grand council", appointed by the king. None of the colonial assemblies approved of this plan.

One of the politicians who helped the movement to Independence in Virginia during the 1770s, he's one of the Founding Fathers, and led oppositions to many of the oppressive Acts. Known for "Give me Laverty or give me Death!"

stock company;A joint;stock company is a short;term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise. It's historical significance is that, during this period of exploration, investors could use their money to fund colonization.

led a rebellion in 1676; his resentment of Berkeley and the unbalanced power of the Virginia government, lead to a rebellion, by him and other backcountry farmers. When Berkeley refused to let him and other farmers fight nearby Indians, he went into Jamestown, with his own militia, burned most of the city, and drove Berkeley out of town.

Three;sister farming was an agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D. Maize, as well as high;yielding strains of beans and squash made possible the three;sister farming with beans growing on the trellis of the cornstalks and squash covering the planting mounds to retain moisture in the soil. This helped to create some of the highest population densities.

A triangle shaped trading route that consisted of The Colonies slaves, Europe materials, Africa rum, manufactored materials, and The Indies,

aka Society of Friends; a radical Protestant sect; wanted to restore the simplicity and spirituality of early Christianity. Pennsylvania was a refuge for them.

The region of Virginia and Maryland. In contrast to New England, this region was distinguished by indentured servants, cash crops, and African slavery.

a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun.

the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies).

He promoted the revolution by serving as an officer in the Virginia militia before becoming the governor of the independent state. On top of that, he was the man responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence, the treason of all treasons

a formal draft of a resolution created by the continental congress, which broke all ties with the independent states of America and the British government and crown, created the idea in America that the colonies were now "states"

colonists who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution.

colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the War of Independence.

Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne and more than 5,000 British troops. occurred October 17, 1777

a defensive agreement stating that France would ally with the United States if the former went to war with Britain

Last battle of the Revolutionary War; General Lord Charles Cornwallis along with 7,000 British troops surrendered on October 17, 1781

Signed on September 3, 1783, the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, recognized American independence from Britain