What are biomolecules?
Macromolecules found in living systems containing five or more carbon atoms linked together to form a chain.
What are the 4 key biomolecules organisms are composed of?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is a carbohydrate and give a characteristic of it.
They provide substrates for cellular respiration and lead to energy production. Their basic building blocks are sugars(monosaccharides)
What is a lipid and give a characteristics of it.
Lipids(fat) are compounds that are insoluble in water and are used for energy and building cellular structures.
What is a protein and give a characteristic of it.
A protein is a complex molecule made up of amino acids. The bond between to amino acids are called a peptide bond.
What is a nucleic acid and give a characteristic of it.
A nucleic acid is essential to all forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides such as DNA and RNA.
What are organic compounds?
Substances that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is a nucleotide?
The basic structural unit of nucleic acids
What are indicators?
Special chemicals that change color (that is visible to the naked eye) in the presences of specific chemical substance.
What does the Benedict's test do? (know the colors it produces)
It detects reducing sugars.
What does the Lugol's test do?
Identifies the presence of starch.
What is Sudan VI?
A fat soluble dye that is water hating.
What is hydrophobic?
Water hating
What is hydrophilic?
Water loving
What is a "grease spot"?
The basis of a very simple test for fats
What does a ninhydrin reagent test for?
Alpha amino acid and proteins contain free amino and acid groups.
What is a free amino acid?
One that is not joined to another amino acid in a chain or ring.
What does the Biuret test detect?
The presences of proteins and short peptide chains of amino acids
What sugar does not react with benedict's reagent.
Sucrose (fructose and glucose)
All living organisms are made up of what...
cells
True or false. Organisms can either be simplistic(single cell) or complex and multicellular.
True
What are organelles?
A specialized subunit in cells that have a specific function.
Cells are categorized based on what?
Membrane bound(eukaryotic) or free floating (prokaryotic)
What are prokaryotic cells?
They are the most basic cellular form and have no membrane bound organelles. (Most organelles are bacteria)
What does prokaryotic means?
Before the formation if the nucleus.
The vast majority of organism are what?
Heterotrophic
What does heterotrophic mean?
They require external sources of food
What shapes do bacteria come in.
round(cocci), rod-shaped(bacilli), and spiral(spirilla)
What is morphology?
The form and structures of animals and plants.
Photosynthetic bacteria can do what?
Can produce their on food
To view the basic shapes of cells what do we need to use?
A compound light microscope with oil immersion 100x lens.
How do you classify bacteria?
Using Gram's stain
What are the 2 groups bacteria can be classified in?
Gram positive or gram negative
What is cyanobacteria and where is it located?
A unique type of photosynthetic prokaryote that contains chlorophylllla. It is found in the thylakoid membranes.
What is subculturing?
When bacteria is transferred form one medium plate to another.
What is a flagella?
A flagella is a hairlike structure that are used for locomotion(movement)
What is the function of DNA in a cell?
DNA carries hereditary information in many organism.