A 5-year-old patient’s parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child’s most likely diagnosis is
ALL is primarily a disorder of children with an abrupt onset of bone pain, bruising, fever, and infection.
What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?
Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
hyperlipidemia
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions.
False
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function.
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is
myeloma.
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
develop recurrent infections.
Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling
vascular resistance.
Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is
mast cells.
Peripheral edema is a result of
venous thrombosis.
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection.
The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII.
True
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin administration.
Which causes vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4
The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts.
True
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.
True
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation.
Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries
have the largest total cross-sectional area.
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is
elevated total iron-binding capacity.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
The cause of the most common form of anemia is
iron deficiency.
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles
The final step in clot formation is
clot retraction.