A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of of what ?
primary prevention
Patient exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus developed a pharyngeal infection. oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q. is?
streptococcal infection
not normally secreted in response to stress?
insulin
Selye’s three phases of the stress response include
- alarm reaction
- stage of resistence
- stage of exhaustion
Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is???
smoking
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by???
norepinephrine
A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of
secondary prevention
Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means.
it is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread
Apoptosis is a process that results in?????
cellular death
A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is..
latent stage
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____?
liquefactive
The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is???
intracellular accumulations
After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example ???
tertiary prevention
After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will??
kill rapidly dividing cells
Allostasis…definition
the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being
Cancer grading is based on???
cell differentiation
Metaplasia is??
the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
A disease that is native to a particular region is called
endemic
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as
carcinomas
The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is
dysplasia
Side effects of chemotherapy include
- hair loss
- loss of appetite
- fatigue
- nausea and vomiting
Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to
- chemotherapy
- cancer cells
- cancer metastasis to bone marrow
- malnutrition
Coagulative necrosis is caused by????
interrupted blood supply
Tumor markers ….????
help identify parent tissue of cancer origin