MAss and atomic particles consists of?
atoms, free electrons
what are Insulators?
materials that inhibit the flow of electrons; rubber and plastic that wrap conductors
What are conductors?
silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, brass, iron, saltwater, carbon and some acids
wall outlet are usually?
110 volts
how many volts are for laser units?
220 volts
first prong means?
positive, active
second prong means?
negative, neutral
third prong means?
ground
ESU unit monopolar characteristics?
cuts and coagulates requires grounding pad
ESU unit Bipolar characteristics?
only used for coagulating not cutting, does not need a grounding pad, forces, and cord may be reusable.
What is the vibration rate per second for ultrasonic energy?
55,000
what is ultrasonic energy?
the harmonic scalpel uses ultrasonic energy to cut and coagulate tissue.
what is CUSA?
high-frequency sound waves that create imploding bubbles to fragment and emulsify tumors and leave blood vessels intact.
What are Lasers?
light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. The shorter the wavelength the higher the energy and more dangerous.
what is Joules?
a measurement of laser pulse energy based on a 1 second time beam is activiated.
What is the most frequently used lasers?
CO2 lasers
Most instruments are mostly made up of?
stainless steel
stainless steel is a combination of?
carbon, chromium, iron,
chromium increases resistance to
corrosion
Titanium is?
stronger and lighter in weight than stainless steel, has a blue finish of titanium oxide.
highly polished bright does what?
increases resistance to corrosion but has a tendency to reflect lights.
satin (dull) finish does what?
less reflective and reduces glare
ebonized (black chromium) is?
non-reflective and virtually eliminates glare.
ebonized (black chromium) is recommended for?
procedures involving a laser because it prevents deflection of the laser beam.
blades 10, 11, 12, 15 fit what number handles?
3,7, and 9
blades 20-25 fit what knife handle?
number 4 knife handle
Tissue scissors should never be use to?
cut anything other than tissue because it will dull the blades