cell anatomy meaning?
the basic structural and functional units of the body
what is the Nucleus?
the control center of the cell, DNA
what is the Nuclear envelope?
double layer wall around the nucleus
what is the nucleolus?
making and programing ribosomes
what is chromatin?
DNA
what is the plasma membrane?
the boundary of the cell, the outer edge of the cytoplasm, controls the transportation of substances into and out of the cell
what do we have in the plasma membrane?
phospholipids, protein, cholesterol, carbohydrates
what is the cytoplasm?
space between nucleus and plasma membrane
the cytoplasm caontains three parts, what are they?
cytosol, inclusion
what is the cytosol?
the liquid part of the cytoplasm jelly, 75% is water
What are inclusions?
pantry of the cell, storage
what are organelles?
small organs
what is the structure of the Mitochondria?
oval shape, double layer, has enzymes, DNA (from mother)
funtion of the mitochondira?
making ATP (energy), the powerhouse of the cell
Structure of ribosomes?
rRNA + Proteins(Histones)
1. free ribosomes
2. attached to RER
The function of ribosomes?
protein synthesis
what is the Endoplasmic reticulum?
fluid-filled tunnel
endoplasmic reticulum structure?
Rough ER, Smooth ER
function of RER?
intracellular transportation
Funtion of SER?
some dept of the cell provides materials to repair the cell
Golgi apparatus structure?
flat sacs
function of Golgi apparatus?
quality control of proteins, packaging proteins, extracellular transportation.
Lysosomes structure ?
double layer bags contain digestive enzymes
the function of lysosomes?
digests invaders(bacteria or viruses), digest unusable or worn out organelles
centrioles structure?
two-rod shape bodies, 90 degree angles
centrioles function?
cell division
Cilia structure?
short hair, multipule
function of cilia?
moves substances across the cell, like mucus
Flagella structure?
the long tail of the cell
function of flagella?
movement of the cell
Where can the flagella be located at?
sperm
microvilli structure?
finger-like structure, folded plasma membrane
microvilli function ?
increase cell surface, more absorption, small intestines
Control of transportation?
plasma membrane
intracellular transportation?
RER
extracellular transportation?
golgi apparatus
What is passive transportstion
no ATP is required, from high to low concentration.
Simple diffusion is ?
Any substance moves from high to low concentration without an expenditure of energy.
facilitated diffusion is?
simple diffusion which is facilitated (gets into) by protein channel
Osmosis is?
Diffusion of water
Filtration is
any substance moves from high to low pressure without energy
what is active transportation?
ATP is required from low to high concentration
carrier proteins?
pumps, carry substances from low to high concentration with an expenditure of energy.
endocytosis is?
too large to enter to cell, enter by endocytosis.
phagocytosis does what?
solid molecules enter into the cell
Pinocytosis does what
Liquid enters into the cell, like drinking
exocytosis is?
large chemicals leave the cell with ATP
Mitosis:
division of nucleus, 5-10%
interphase:
nondividing phase, 90-95%
mitosis is exactly what?
1 cell with 46 chromosomes, gets divided into two cells each 46 chromosomes
Mitosis has?
mother cells, and daughter cells
the goal of mitosis?
repair and replace cell
first its duplication then ->
mitosis
after mitosis its then ->
cytokinesis
duplication is?
doubling DNA
cytokinesis is?
cytoplasm gets divided
first step of mitosis?
prophase
what happens during prophase?
organelles and nuclear envelope disappear
second step of mitosis?
metaphse
what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. spindle fibers
thirdstep of mitosis?
anaphase
what happens during anaphase?
chromosomes get separated and migrate to two pole of the cell
fourthstep of mitosis?
telophase
what happen during telophase?
organelles reappear, crack (cleavage furrow)
what happens during cytokinesis?
two sister cells gets divided
Tissues are?
group of identical cells with similar functions
epithelial tissue main purpose?
covers the body and organs, lines organs, the secretory portion of the glands
connective tissue's main purpose?
the main abundant tissue, connect, supports and connect
muscle tissue's main purpose?
contraction to make movement
nerve tissue main purpose?
makes and conducts nerve impulses to rapidly control of different activities.