use of chemical agents to harm or kill microbes is called?
Chemotherapy
the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin
Anthrax
experiments conducted by John T. Needham using infusions…….which theory he supported?
Spontaneous Generation
following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?
Flagella
Cholesterols are typically found in ________?
Eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane
Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells. True or false
False
Carbolfuchsin is a dye used in….what kind of stains?
Both the acid fast and flagellar
The kingdoms included in the Linnaeus system of classification are?
Animal and plant
The function of a mordant in staining
~Fix the specimen to the slide
~ Intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations
In Gram staining, ethanol-acetone is used...
Decolorizing agent
A single basic dye is used in simple stains. True or false
True
Anabolic reactions may be characterized as
Forming large molecules from smaller molecules
An organic compound gains an electron from another molecule. The organic compound…?
Has been reduced
The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its..
Substrate
Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE…
a. They are usually, but not always, proteins.
b. They form a
temporary intermediate compound with a substrate.
c. They can be
denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too
low.
d. They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and
over again.
e. They always function best at 37°C.
E. They always function best at 37C
Following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?
A) It produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
B) It occurs
in the cell membranes of bacteria.
C) It both requires the input
of ATP and produces ATP.
D) It is an alternative to
fermentation.
E) It involves ribulose 5-phosphate as an intermediate
C) It both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP.
Many vitamins are important for the enzymes because ……?
Coenzymes
What is the final product in glycolysis…
two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules
As the concentration of substrate increases, the activity of the enzyme decreases.
False
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media
Enriched media
MacConkey agar plates represent? What kind of medium?
Both a differential and selective
A microorganism found living under conditions of high ________ is a barophile
Hydrostatic pressure
Photoheterotrophs use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source.. True or False
False
Following statements is true of bacterial plasmids
A) They are found in the nucleoid.
B) They can replicate
autonomously.
C) They carry genes for essential metabolic
functions.
D) They are small circular DNA molecules.
E) They
are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.
E) They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.
Following is involved in translation
~mRna
~tRna
~rRna
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
Every double helix in the new generation of an organism consists of one complete “old” strand and one complete “new” strand wrapped around each other
Which are frameshift mutations….
Insertion mutations and deletion mutations
Frederick Griffith discovered…What ?
was the first to reveal the “transforming principle,” which led to the discovery that DNA acts as the carrier of genetic information.
The term "semiconservative replication" means that both strands of a DNA molecule are a mix of newly replicated and original template DNA... True or False
False
The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype….true or false
True
Use of microorganisms to produce useful products is known as
Biotechnology
Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for
Producing organisms with altered phenotypes
What is the function of the high temperature step in PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
Break hydrogen bonds for strand separation
Gene therapy.
A medical approach that treats or prevents disease by correcting the underlying genetic problem; Altering the genes inside your body's cells in an effort to treat or stop disease.
The microbes residing on human skin are part of the human microbiome... True or False
True
Endospores
~Produced by Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus and Clostridium
~Are stable resting stages that barely metabolize
~Can be difficult to destroy. Several species of bacteria produce toxins that cause disease.
Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because
They have no cell walls
anaerobic Clostridium species are troublesome pathogens largely because of their capacity for
Endospore production
Mycobacterium includes species responsible for
Tuberculosis
The fusion of two gametes produces a…????
Zygote
Merozoites are a result of
Schizogony
Sexual reproduction in multicellular Ascomycota leads to the production of..What ?
Asci
Hyphae are associated with which of the following
Mold
Lichens are composed of a symbiosis of fungi and which of the following
Alga or cyanobacteria
Fertilized chicken eggs are used to culture some vaccine strains.
True
In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?
~Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles.
~Viruses lack genetic material.
~Viruses are composed of both protein and lipid.
A(n) ________ is a virus that infects bacterial cells.
Bacteriophages
Host specificity of a virus is due to
Interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules
How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?
They lack nucleic acid
What is a virion?
~Complete virus particles and include a nucleic acid, a capsid, and in some cases an envelope
~an extracellular virus consisting of a protein coat (capsid) a nucleic acid core, either DNA or RNA, together known as a nucleocapsid called an envelope.