Medical Terminology pt. 2 Flashcards

joint

bursa, sac of fluid near joint

wrist

cartilage

knuckle of a joint

rib

skull, cranium

fascia

femur

fiber

fibula

flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvix

haunch, hip, joint, ischium

meniscus

muscle

bone marrow

straight

wall

child

stone

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

growth

pubis

radius

sacred, sacrum

skeleton

vertabra

chest, sternum

synovial

tarsal (ankle bones)

stretch, tendon

dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

like tendons that attach bone to bone

branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system and tissues related to movement

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joing, and muscle conditions

joint pain

the loss of full control of bodily movements

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away

extreme slowness in movement

abnormal reduction of calcium in bone

difficult or painful movement

progressive muscle weakness resulting from a genetic mutation

excessive development

muscular pain, "muscle aches"

pain in a tendon

crooked, bent, stiff

hump

bend foward

hole

flesh, connectiv tissue

curved

drooping

a form of dwarfism

abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint

painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints

degenerative joint disease

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body system are attacked

inflammation of cartilage in a joint

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

inflammation of a bursa sac

calcium deposit within a bursa of the foot

a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by the weakness, pain, and disturbances, of sensation in the hand and fingers

weakness of the wrist resulting in difficulty supporting the hand

prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions

disease of joints in which the cartilage under goes degeneration

a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

broken bone

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

fracture in which the bone is splintered or fragmented

bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back

abnormal anterior curvature of the spine

inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs

inflammation of a meniscus resulting in joint pain

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells foound in the red bone marrow

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

inflammation of muscle tissue

inflammation of the bone

paget's disease; bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling

inherited condition when bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily

malignant tumor of the bone

paralysis of the lower half of the body

paralysis of all four extremities

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

osteomalacia in children; causes bon deformity

the rotator cuff consists of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint reinforced by the tendons from several shoulder muscles. The high degree of flexibility at the shoulder joint puts the rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing

trauma to the vertebral column

inflammation of the intervertebral joints

stretching or tearing of ligaments

to draw or stretch tight beyond the normal limits

formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together

inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse

inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

withdrawn by suction

the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility

surgical fusion of a joint

x-ray record of a joint

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

surgical repair of a damaged joint

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joit

surgical incision into a joint

surgical removal of a bursa

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

surgical removal of cartilage

surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint

surgical removal of a rib

when one or more bones of the cranium undergo repair during surgery

cutting into the skull

surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

recording the strength of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation

a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

surgical repair of a muscle

surgical suturing of a muscle

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities

surgical removal of bone

(surgical) breaking of a bone (to correct a deformity)

medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body

the surgical repair of bones or bone marow

the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

a surgical incision into a tendon

surgical procedure that repairs damaged or diseased vertebrae

gland

bacteria

germ, bud, developing cell

red

exempt, immunity

combining form for spleen

blood clot

wartlike, thymus gland

poison

sausage

fungus

protein

physician, treatment

individual

death

hospital

staphylococcus (bacterium)

streptococcus (bacerium)

pertaining to abnormal discharge

protection

pertaining to producing, forming

physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood

the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host

study of the immune system

study of bacteria

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

presence of bacteria in the blood

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

decrease in the number of erythrocytes

the rupture or destruction of red blood cells

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

abnormally low white blood cell count

condition characterized by large red blood cells

presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells

a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

increase in the number of red blood cells

enlargement of the spleen

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating the blood

abnormally reduced number of platelets

presence of toxins in the blood

immune system disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that wight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes

a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume

bone marrow fails to produce enough RBC

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

a bacteria used to create biological weapons

a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells

neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum

disease that is transmitted from one individual to another

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

a general term indicating the presence of disease affecting blood

abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue

fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by way of the bloodstream

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues

disease caused by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding or internal hemorrhage and high fevers

disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy

a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause

a disorder in which the ability of an immune system to protect against pathogens is defective or absent

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosupressive agents

treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens

quality of being mismatched, lack of harmony

a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection

flu virus

blood condition of white cells; malignant (cancerous) condition

inflammation of lymph nodes

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

a disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood

an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash

infectious disease marked by increased number of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

tissue death

an infection acquired during hospitalization

a disease that spreads quickly and kills many peoplle

an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

fear of water

growth of bacteria in the blood (blood poisoning)

a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans

presence of the bacterium staphylococcus in the blood

an infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics

the presence of the bacterium streptococcus in the blood

a sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses

tumor of the thymus gland

a therapeutic treatment involving the use of a substance with know toxicity to bacteria

pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly

dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing athogenicity

occurs when a patient donates one's own blood for a transfusion

a test or series of tests on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed, and the organisms that grow int he culture are identified

introduction of blood products into circulation of recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

a test of test that include a WBC, RBC, and platelet measurements

test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

t3est to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

a microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

study of the blood and blood diseases

a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)

stoppage of bleeding

replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person

a process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

surgical removal of one or mor lymph nodes

number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

a process or measure that prevents disease

surgical removal of the spleen

destruction of a clot

an injection that produces a mild form of a disease in order to help build up an immunity to it

a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mound defenses against the pathogen

blood vessel

aorta

artery

atrium

heart (crown or circle)

chest

little valve

vessel

vein

little belly, ventricle

blue

narrow

rhythm

fatty plaque

to hold back

hard

putrefying; wall, partition

plug

dilated vein

sound

thin, scanty

sound

pulse

study of the heart

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

spasm in the blood vessel

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

abnormal heart rhythm

abnormally slow heartbeat

chest pain (CP)

abnormal heart rhythm

a symptom or sign that originates from a condition of the heart

bluish discoloration of the skin

subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats

rapid heart rate

"passing out", loss of consciousness or fainting

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

inflammation of the hear and blood vessels

tumor of a blood vessel

skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

inability of the aortic valve to perform at the proper levels, which results in blood flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta

narrowing of the aortic valve

inflammation of the aorta ofted caused by a bacterial infection

disease of the arteries

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the interior walls of the arteries

failure of an opening or foramen to close between the atria after birth

the atria have become abnormally enlarged or dilated, reducing their ability to push blood into the ventricles

an injury to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which normally receives impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) an d transmits them to the ventricles to stimulate ventricular contraction

cessation of heart activity

acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity

enlargement of the heart

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

inflammation of the valves of the heart

construction, stenosis, particularly of the aorta

the failure of the heart o pup efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, the body, or both

right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension caused by the accumulated effects of multile small emboli in the lung

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

a blockage within a coronary artery, resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart muscle

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

inflammation of the endocardium

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

a block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart

an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves

improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the anal region

abnormally high blood pressure

abnormally low blood pressure

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result o an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea

inflammation of the myocardium

abnormal opening b/w the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth

inflammation of the pericardium

inflammation of a vein

inflammation of the vein associated with a clot formation

inflammation of many arteries

growth of bacteria in the blood

congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects

abnormal condition of a blood clot

an abnormal dilated vein

a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and the LV

a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel

visual examination (of the lumen) of a blood vessel

surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into a blood vessel usually for the insertion of a catheter

surgical incision into a blood vessel

a procedure that obtains an x-ray image, MRI, or CT scan image of the aorta

x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material

incision into an artery

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or artery

surgically placed mechanical device connected to stimulating leads (electrodes) on or within the heart, programmed to help maintain normal heart rate and rhythm

emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation

borrowed piece of blood vessels used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

technique using sound waves to record velocity of blood flow

an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluated the structures and motion of the heart

process of recording (in a graphic format) the heart's electrical activity; the waves are labeled with the letters P,Q, R, S, and T

surgical removal of an embolus

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

a portable device that is used to record the electrical activity of the heart over extended periods

emergency vasodilator to treat angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

surgical removal of a vein

opening of a vein to diminish the blood supply

images show blood flow following uptake of radioactive glucose

a common procedure that measures arterial blood pressure

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of the patients with coronary thrombosis

a diagnostic procedure in which the patient walks on a treadmill during echocardiography (or both) in an effort to examine heart function under stress

surgical repair of a valve (cardiac or venous)