sociology
the systemic study of human society, social groups, and social interactions
society
enduring community, nation, or other large grouping that shares territory
sociological imagination
ability to recognize how personal issues reflect broader public issues
who founded sociological imagination
C Wright Mills
the credit for founding the discipline of sociology is given to
auguste comte
Harvard graduate ______ devoted his career collecting data about african americans to combat racism
W.E.B. dubois
who used objective observation and statistics
emile durkheim
founder of hull house
jane addams
who used quantitative data to reform worker safety, juvenile justice system, social services for the poor and public sanitation
jane addams
structural functional theory
addresses the question of social organization and how it works
society is like an organism, the parts work in harmony to contribute to the maintenance of the whole. a healthy society is one that is stable
structural functional
values
shared ideas about desirable goals
norms
shared rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think and act
folkways
norms that are the customary, normal, habitual ways a group does things
mores
norms associated with fairly strong ideas of right and wrong, they carry a moral connotation
laws
rules that are enforced and sanctioned by the authority of government, may or may not be norms
sampling
the process of systematically selecting representative cases from the larger population
ethnocentrism
the tendency to judge other cultures according to the beliefs and practices of ones own culture
culture shock
refers to the discomfort that arises from exposure to a different culture
hypothesis
a statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct
what are the 5 research processess
state the problem, set the stage, gather data, finding patterns, generate theories
independent variable
the cause
dependent variable
the effect
random samples
chosen through a random procedure, so that each individual in a given population has an equal chance of being selected
experimental group
experiences the independent variable
control group
does not receive independent variable
the research technique that is most versatile and may be used to study behavior, attitudes and values is
survey research
one of the disadvantages of using participant observation as a research method is
it is dependent upon researchers interpretation
role
a set of norms associated with a position in society
cross sectional
uses a sample of a population at a single point in time
longitudinal
any research in which data is collected over a long period of time
participant observation
refers to conducting research by participating, interviewing, and observing in the field
content analysis
study of documents of any sort
two major goals of research are
description and explanation
______ are characteristics that vary across individuals or groups
variables