anterior intervertebral joint
between adjacent vertebral bodies
sacrum
transmits weight from spine to pelvis
differentiate cervical vertebrae
has transverse foramina
differentiate thoracic vertebrae
has costal facets
differentiate lumbar vertebrae
big body
differentiate sacrum
fused
differentiate coxyx
tailbone
ribs 1-7
true ribs, broadest/shortest, grooves for subclavius vessels, scalene tubercle, single facet T1
ribs 8-10
false ribs
ribs 11-12
floating ribs
rib 2
thinner, less curved, larger than 1st, 2 facets for articulation with T1 and T2, tuberosity for serratus anterior
rib 11
one facet, no neck or tubercle
rib 12
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What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles
mylo, gentro, stylo, digastric
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
secure base of tongue, elevate hyoid, assist in swallowing
What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
sterno, orno, sternoth, thyroth
What are the functions of the infrahyoid muscles?
depress hyoid, swallowing
What is the motion of the sternoclavicular joint?
elevate, depress, protract, retract
Scalenus anterior SA
TP C3-C6
Scalenus anterior IA
scalene tubercle of 1st rib
Scalenus anterior N
anterior rami C4-C6
Scalenus anterior A
ipsilateral flexion, elevates 1st rib
Scalenus medius SA
TP C5-C7
Scalenus medius IA
superior surface of 1st rib
Scalenus medius N
anterior rami C3-C8
Scalenus medius A
ipsilateral flexion, elevates 1st rib
Scalenus posterior SA
TP C5-C7
Scalenus posterior IA
external border of 2nd rib
Scalenus posterior N
anterior rami C7-C8
Scalenus posterior A
ipsilateral flexion, elevates 2nd rib
Platysma O
inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissue of lower face
Platysma I
fascia of pec major and deltoid
Platysma N
CN VII
Platysma A
draw down corners of mouth, draw skin superiorily
Subclavius PA
junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage
Subclavius DA
inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle
Subclavius N
nerve to subclavius C5-C6
Subclavius A
anchors and depresses clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid SA
lateral surface mastoid, lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid IA
sternal head - anterior surface manubrium
clavicular head- superior surface medial 1/3 clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid N
CN XI
Sternocleidomastoid A
Unilateral: ipsilateral flex and contralateral rotation
Bilateral: extend atlanto-occipital joint, chin to chest, thrust chin forward, elevate manubrium, clavicle for deep respiration.
Pec major (clavicular portion) PA
medial 1/2 of clavicle
Pec major (clavicular portion) (DA)
lateral lip of intertubicular groove of humerus
Pec major (clavicular portion) N
lateral + medial pec nerve C5+C6 and C7 + T1
Pec major (clavicular portion) A
adducts and medially rotates humerus, draw scapula anterior + inferior
Pec major (sternocostal portion) PA
anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilage, aponeurosis of external oblique
Pec major (sternocostal portion) DA
lateral lip of intertubicular groove of humerus
Pec major (sternocostal portion) N
lateral + medial pec nerve C5, C6, and C7. T1
Pec major (sternocostal portion) A
adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends humerus from flexed position
Pectoralis minor PA
ribs 3-5 costal cartilage
Pectoralis minor DA
medial border + superior surface coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis minor N
medial pec nerve C8 and T1
Pectoralis minor A
stabilize scapula, draw anterior and inferior to thoracic wall
External intercostal muscles SA
inferior border rib above
External intercostal muscles IA
superior border rib below
External intercostal muscles N
intercostal N
External intercostal muscles A
elevate ribs with forced inspiration
Internal intercostal muscles SA
inferior border rib above
Internal intercostal muscles IA
superior border rib below
Internal intercostal muscles N
intercostal N
Internal intercostal muscles A
active with forced expirations
Serratus Anterior PA
external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8
Serratus Anterior DA
inferior surface of medial border of scapula
Serratus Anterior N
long thoracic N (C5-C7)
Serratus Anterior A
protracts and holds scapula against thoracic wall, rotates scapula, responsible for winged scapula
Inguinal canal
oblique passage, inferior abdominal wall, lies parallel and superior to medial half longitudinal ligament
External oblique O
external surface of ribs 5-12
External oblique I
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half illiac crest
External oblique N
thoracoabdominal nerve
External oblique A
Unilateral: contralateral rotation and lateral flex
Bilateral: forward flex, compress and support abdominal viscera
Internal oblique O
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 illiac crest, lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament
Internal oblique I
inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectin pubis via conjoint tendon
Internal oblique N
thoracoabdominal nerve
Internal oblique A
Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation and lateral flex
Bilateral: forward flex, compress and support abdominal viscera.
Transverse abdominis O
internal surface of costal cartilage, ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
Transverse abdominis I
linea alba with aponeurosis, pubic crest, pectin pubis via conjoint tendon
Transverse abdominis I
thoracoabdominal verve
Transverse abdominis A
compress and support abdominal viscera
Rectus abdominis O
pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Rectus abdominis I
xiphoid process and costal cartilage ribs 5-7
Rectus abdominis N
thoracoabdominal nerves
Rectus abdominis A
forward flex, compress abdominal viscera, depress ribs, stabilize pelvis.
Rectus sheath
strong interweaving fascia of aponeurosis. surrounds rec abdominis
Tendinous intersections
transverse lines thru rec. ab
Arcuate line
crescent halfway between umbillicus and pubic symphysis
Linea alba
fibrous band joins L + R rectus sheath
Diaphragm I (central tendon)
top and center of hood where all points attach
Diaphragm Innervation
C3-4-5 staying alive!
Diaphragm A
increase thoracic space
decrease thoracic pressure
increase abdominal pressure
decrease abdominal space