Acid
a compound that produces hydrogen or hydronium ions in solution; they have a sour taste, low pH, and turn litmus paper red
Acid-Base
Titration
procedure used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution of a solution by adding a controlled amount of a solution of known concentration to a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration
Arrhenius Acid
hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize to yield hydrogen [H*| or hydronium (H.O*1 ions in aqueous solution
Arrhenius Base
compounds that ionize to produce hydroxide (OH] ions in aqueous solutions
Base
a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution; they have a bitter taste, slippery feel, high pH, and turn litmus paper blue
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
a hydrogen ion, or proton, donor
Bronsted-Lowry Base
a hydrogen ion, or proton, acceptor
Chemical Indicator
any substance that gives a visible sign, usually a color change, when exposed to an acid or a base
Dissociation
a process in which compounds split into smaller particles such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner
Electrolyte
a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state
Equivalence
Point
point at which there are equal quantities of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.
Hydronium ion
[H.O*] the positive ion that is formed when a water molecule gains an hydrogen ion
indicator
a chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually.
lonization
a process by which a neutral compound becomes electrically charged by gaining or losing electrons in an aqueous solution
Litmus Paper
paper made from a soluble purple compound extracted from lichens; used as an acid-base indicator because its color changes are dependent on the pH of a solution with which it is mixed. It is red in acid solutions (pH less than 5) and blue in alkaline solutions (pH more than 8)
Nonelectrolyte
a compound that does not dissociate in solution and does not conduct and electric current
pH
a number scale used to denote the hydrogen ion concentration, or acidity, of a solution; the range is from 0 to 14
роН
a number used to denote the hydroxide ion concentration, or basicity, of a solution
standard solution
a solution containing a precisely known concentration of an element or a substance.
Strong Acid
an acid that is completel / (or almost completely) ionized in aqueous solution.
Strong Base
a base that completely dissociates into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Strong Electrolyte
a solution formed from the dissociation of a compound in solution; the solute exists as ions that conduct an electric current
Titration Curve
a graph that shows how pH changes in a titration; center of steep, vertical region indicates the equivalence point
Weak Acid
an acid that is partially ionized in aqueous solution.
Weak Base
a base that partially dissociates into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Weak Electrolyte
a solution formed from the incomplete dissociation of a compound in solution; a fraction of the solute exists as ions that poorly conduct an electric current