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Thinking
The process of using knowledge and information to make plans, interpret the world, and make predictions about the world in general
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Decision-Making
Cognitive process of choosing a belief or course of action from several possible options
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Dual Process Model
Proposed by Kahneman; proposes that there are two systems for thinking and decision making: system 1 and system 2
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System 1
The brains fastest, automatic, and effortless approach to thinking
- is intuitive and driven by instinct of our experiences
- uses mental shortcuts, such as heuristics, to make decisions quickly
- however, due to this fast-thinking, it is prone to error and bias
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System 2
Is slow, deliberate, and requires more effort
- is rational, conscious, and logical
- more analytic and goal-directed thinking; requires mental work and concentration
- is less prone to error and bias
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Explanation
We use both systems to learn and process information
- belief is that system 1 is generally activated first in order to reach a quick conclusion- then system 2 comes into play to provide further analysis to hopefully reach a more correct conclusion
- often times, system 1 and system 2 result in differing answers and these may interfere with each other, making it difficult to come to a decisive conclusion
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Study Used
Stroop (1935): Stroop Effect