-centesis
Surgical procedure (often with a needle/puncture)
-ectomy
removal or excision
-lysis
To separate or destroy
-pexy
Fixation (to fix something in place)
-plasty
To surgically repair
-storny
To form an opening
-tome
An instrument to cut
-tomy
To cut or incise
-gram
A record or recording
-graph
An instrument used to record
-graphy
The process of recording
-meter
A tool to measure
-scope
The instrument used to examine
-scopy
A visual examination
-algia, -dynia
Pain
-plasia, -plasm
Formation or growth
-gen, -genesis
To create or form
-rrhage
A rapid flow or bursting fourth
-edema
Swelling
-cele
Hernia, swelling
-lith
Stone, callus
-osis
Abnormal condition
-spasm
Involuntary contraction, twitching
-stenosis
Narrowing, stricture
-rrhea
Discharge, flow
-pathy
Disease
-itis
Inflammation
-oma
Tumor
-plegia
Paralysis
-emia
Blood condition
-iasis
Abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
-trophy
Nourishment, development
-penia
Decrease, deficiency
-malacia
Softening
-megaly
Enlargement
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -lie, -ous
Pertaining to
-esis, -ia, -ism
Nouns meaning condition
-ician, -ist
Nouns meaning specialist
-iatry
Noun meaning medicine, treatment
Macro-
Large
Homo-
Same
Mono-, uni-
One
Micro-
Small
Circum-
Around
A-, an-
Without, not
Super-
Upper, above
Post-
After
Pre, pro-
Before
Dia-, trans-
Through, across
Directional Terms
Cronal/Frontal Plane
Tranverse Plane
Median/Mid-Sagital Place
Anterior
Towards the front (frontal plane)
Posterior
Towards the back (frontal plane)
Inferior
below the head (tranverse plane)
Superior
towards the head (transverse plane)
Proximal
closer to the origin of the limb (use in reference of limbs)
Distal
farther from the origin of the of the limb (use in reference of limbs)
Ventral
towards the front (frontal plane)
Dorsal
towards the back (frontal plane)
Lateral
farther away from the mid-sagital plane
Medial
closer to the mid-sagital plane
hypo-
less than, below
Epi-
above, upon
lumb-
lower back
inguin-
groin
Endoscopy
visual examination of an organ or cavity with an endoscope
Radiograph
ionizing radiation waves pass through body onto photographic film to produce an image of internal structures
Anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow the flow from one to the other
Cauterization
processes of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals
Adhesion
scar tissue joining two things together
Inflammation
immune response to injury
Septicemia
septic infection in the blood
Chrondr/o
cartilage
Cyt/o
cell
Hist/o
tissue
Nucle/o
nucleus
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
Chephal/o
head
Cervic/o
neck
Crani/o
cranium
Gastr/o
stomach
Ili/o
ilium
Inguin/o
groin
Lumb/o
lower back
Pelv/i
Pelvis
Spin/o
spine
Thorac/o
chest
Umbilic/o
belly button/navel
Xanth/o
yellow
Melan/o
brown or black
Leuk/o
white
Erythro/o
red
Cyan/o
blue
Albin/o
white
-phoresis
carrying or transmission
-oid
resembling
py/o
puss
necr/o
death
Aden/o
gland
Squam/o
flat
seb/o
sebum
xer/o
dry
pil/o, trich/o
hair
kerat/o
hard, horny tissue
onych/o
nail
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
sudar/o
sweat
hidro/o
sweat
dermat/o, derm/o
skin
cutane/o
skin
adip/o, lip/o
fat
-porosis
porous
-physis
growth
-clast
to break
arthr/o
joint
orth/o
straight
chondr/o
cartilage
ankyl/o
stiffness or bent
stern/o
sternum
spondyl/o, verebr/o
vertabra
phalang/o
phalanges
metacarp/o
metacarpal bones
humer/o
humerus
cost/o
ribs
carp/o
wrist
-paresis
weakness
-plegia
paralysis
dys-
difficult or bad
brady-
slow
-kinesia
movement
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
my/o
muscle
fibr/o
fiber
fasci/o
fascia (connective tissue)
-tripsy
crushing
-asthenia
weakness, debility
-plegia
paralysis
-phasia
speech
-paresis
weakness, partial paralysis
-aesthesia, -esthesia
sensation
-osis
abnormal condition
psych/o
mind, mental
spin/o
spin
neur/o
nerve, neuron
Myel/o
spinal cord, marrow
Mening/o, meningi/o,
meninges
gil/o
glue
encephal/o
in the head
cerebr/o
cerebrum
cephal/o
head
neuroglia
support and protect nervous system
-ectasis
dialtion
-stenosis
narrowing
tachy-
fast
brady-
slow
-cardia
heart condition
hemat/o, hem/o
blood
ventricul/o
ventricle
vas/o, vascul/o
vessels
Varic/o
dilated
thromb/o
clot
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
cardi/o, coron/o
heart
atri/o
atrium
ather/o
fatty plaque
arteriol/o
arteriole (small artery)
arteri/o
artery
aort/o
aorta
aneurysm/o
weakened wall in a blood vessel
angi/o
vessel
-pnea
breathing
-phagia
swallowing, eating
fibr/o
fiber
myc/o
fungus
carcin/o
cancer
aer/o
air
cost/o
rib
muc/o
mucus
thorac/o
chest
phren/o
diaphragm
lob/o
lobe
pulmon/o
lung
pneumon/o
air or lung
pneum/o
air or lung
bronchi/o
bronchiole
bronchi/o, bronch/o
bronchus
alveol/o
alveolus
trache/o
trachea
tonsill/o
tonsils
pharyng/o
pharynx
rhin/o
nose
nas/o
nose
laryng/o
larynx
adenoid/o
adenoids
or/o
mouth
dent/o, odont/o
teeth
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
gingiv/o
gum
esophag/o
esophagus
splen/o
spleen
hepat/oliver
liver
gastr/o
stomach
pancreat/o
pancreas
chol/e
bile or gall
choledoch/o
gallbladder
enter/o
small intestine
col/o, colon/o
colon
rect/o
rectum
an/o
anus
proct/o
rectum and anus
append/o
appendix
muc/o
mucus
-orexia
appetite
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-emisis
vomiting
-pepsia
digestion
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar, glucose
calc/o
calcium
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathroid/o
parathyroid gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
Thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
-dipsia
thirst
hyper-
too much
hypo-
not enough
nephro, reno
kidney
uretero
ureter
cysto, vesico
bladder
uro, urino
urine, urinary system
urethro
urethra
-pexy
fixation
-uria
in the urine
ovario
ovary
colpo, vagino
vagina
hystero, utero
uterus
cervico
cervix
mammo, masto
breast
vulvo, episio
vulva
nato
birth
lacto
milk
gyneco
female
andro
man
meno
menstruation
prostato
prostate
balano
glans penis (tip)
epididym
epididymis
perineo
perineum
gonado
gonad (sex gland)
vaso
vessel
testo
testes
spermato, spermo
sperm
-para
birth
-tocia
labor, childbirth
ocul/o, ophthalm/o
eye
blephar/o
eyelid
opt/o
eye
retin/o
retina
irid/o
iris
corne/o
cornea
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
lacrim/o
tear
dipl/o
double
cor/o, core/o, pupil/o
pupil
scler/o
sclera or hardening
-opia, -opsia
vision
-ptosis
drooping
-tropia
turning
Ot/o
ear
tympan/o, myring/o
eardrum
labrinth/o
maze like structure of inner ear
salping/o
tube
acous/o, audi/o, audit/o
sound or hearing
-acusis
hearing
myopia
near sightedness
hyperopia
far sightedness