mediastinum
The middle area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
aneurysms
A sac formed by localized dilatation of the walls of an artery due to structural weakening
pleura
A thin serous membrane that encloses the lung, composed of a single layer of mesothelial cells on top of a thin layer of connective tissue; it is divided into the visceral and parietal pleural layers
inspiration
The act of drawing air into the lungs to facilitate the exchange of oxygen for carbon-dioxide that is then exhaled
expiration
Also called exhalation that refers to the passive exhaling of air from the lungs
Hyaline cartilage
An elastic connective tissue that covers the ends of bones, supports the trachea and larynx, and connects the ribs to the sternum. It is covered by the perichondrium and calcifies as the individual ages
Oxygenated
Saturated with oxygen
Infiltrate
Accumulation or diffusion of a foreign substance into tissue
Regurgitation
Backward flow of fluid, in the opposite of a normal direction
Hemoptysis
Sputum that is coughed up that contains blood
Empyema
The collection of pus in the pleural space due to a bacterial infection that is removed by surgical incision and drainage
Perfusion
Intentional introduction of drugs and/or fluids into the bloodstream such as during open heart surgery
certified surgical technologist (CST)
Allied health professional whose primary role is the first scrub role and is an expert in the principles of asepsis
pericardium
A thin serous sac that surrounds the heart; it consists of the serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium
Hypoxia
An inadequate amount of oxygen supply to the tissues of the body
Myocardium
The muscle of the heart that is composed of cardiac muscle cells that contract and force blood from the heart’s chambers
atria
Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava veins and the coronary sinus
ventricles
The lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria
cardiac cycle
Everything that occurs within the heart during a single heartbeat
alveoli
The terminal end of the bronchioles, grape-like clusters within the lung where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place
arrhythmias
Absence of cardiac rhythm
atherosclerosis
An arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaque that lines the inner layer of arteries causing a narrowing of the lumen resulting in a decreased flow of blood to organs supplied by arteries
cannulation
The surgical insertion of a cannula into a body cavity or a lumen such as a blood vessel
tamponade
Pathological compression of an anatomical part
Stenosis
the abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body
Fibrillation
Abnormal involuntary and uneven contractions of a heart chamber; it is described according to the chamber that is affected such as ventricular fibrillation
Infarction
An area of dead tissue caused by an inadequate supply of oxygenated blood
Systole
Represents the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
stent
(1) Device inserted to support luminous structures while still allowing passage of fluid; (2) external device applied to secure a skin graft or dressing in place
diastole
The period between contractions of the atria and ventricles, and the blood is entering the relaxed chambers; indicated by the lower number of the blood pressure reading
prolapse
To fall or slip out of normal anatomical position
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Congenital
Congenital defect that involves failure of the closure of the ductus arteriosus during fetal life
tachycardia
Fast heart rate that is greater than 100 beats per minute
Ischemia
a serious problem where some part of your body, like your heart or brain, isn’t getting enough blood
Pneumothorax
is air around or outside the lung. It may result from chest trauma, excess pressure on the lungs or a lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …