DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1

PARTS OF ALIMENTARY CANAL

  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Rectum
  8. Anus

2

MOUTH FUNCTIONS

  • MECHANICAL DIGESTION: chewing
  • CHEMICAL DIGESTION: saliva breaks down food

3

PHARYNX FUNCTION

...

4

ESOPHAGUS FUNCTION

...

5

STOMACH FUNCTION

  • Holding area
  • Physical and Chemical digestion
  • Antibacterial activity

6

SMALL INTESTINE FUNCTION

  • Principal site for digestion
  • Absorption of digested food
  • Secretes intestinal juice

7

LARGE INTESTINE FUNCTION

  • Store fecal matter then force it to anus
  • Absorb water and electrolytes

8

RECTUM

...

9

ANUS

...

10

PERISTALSIS MOVEMENTS

constriction and relaxation of intestine muscles creating wavelike movements that push the contents

11

WHAT CAUSE PERISTALSIS?

CONTRACT + RELAX OF LONGITUDINAL & CIRCULAR MUSCLES

12

MASS MOVEMENTS

slow, but powerful contractions of the large intestine that move undigested waste to the rectum for defecation

13

ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS

  • Tongue
  • Teeth
  • Gallbladder
  • Digestive glands
  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Pancreatic duct

14

TONGUE FUNCTION

  • taste food
  • moving food around for chewing and cleansing

15

TEETH FUNCTION

  • Incisors: biting or cutting
  • Canines: tearing, shredding
  • Premolars & Molars: grinding or chewing

16

GALLBLADDER FUNCTION

...

17

DIGESTIVE GLANDS FUNCTION

...

18

SALIVARY GLANDS FUNCTION

...

19

LIVER FUNCTION

...

20

4 MAJOR DIGESTIVE PROCESSES

  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Defecation

21

INGESTION

...

22

DIGESTION

...

23

ABSORPTION

...

24

DEFECATION

removal of feces from the body

Defecation reflex triggered by feces entry in rectum; sigmoid color and rectal walls contract - messages reaches brain

25

COMPOSITE OF SALIVA

...

26

SALIVA FUNCTIONS

  1. Lubrication
  2. Dissolved food so it can be tasted
  3. Enzyme SALIVARY AMYLASE break down starch
  4. Kill bacteria

27

DENTAL FORMULA KID

2 incisors, 1 cuspid, 0 premolars, 2 molars

Same for upper and lower x 2 = 20

28

DENTAL FORMULA ADULT

2 incisions, 1 cuspid, 2 pre molars, 3 molars

Same for upper and lower x 2 so 32

29

3 PARTS OF PHARYNX

  1. NASOPHARYNX
  2. OROPHARYNX
  3. LARYNGOPHARYNX

30

WHY IS TONSILS LOCATED IN PHARYNX

To prevent germs to enter the body through the mouth and nose

31

DIFFERENT PARTS OF STOMACH

  • Cardiac region, fundus, body, pyloric region
  • Rugae, greater and lesser curvature
  • Pyloric sphincter and cardiac sphincter

32

DIFFERENT PARTS OF SMALL INTESTINE

  • Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
  • Ileo-cecal valve

33

DIFFERENT PARTS OF LARGE INTESTINE

  • Cecum, colon, rectum

Parts of colon: ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid

34

DEGLUTITION

Swallowing

complex process involve: tongue, soft palate, pharynx & esophagus

35

DEGLUTITION 3 PHASES

  1. BUCCAL PHASE
  2. PHARYNGEAL
  3. ESOPHAGEAL

36

BUCCAL PHASE

  • Voluntary
  • Tongue pressed against hard palate
  • Bolus forced into oropharynx

37

PHARYNGEAL

  • INVOLUNTARY
  • Controlled by swallowing center in medulla

38

ESOPHAGEAL

  • INVOLUNTARY

39

UVULA FUNCTION

helps prevent food and liquid from going up nose when swallow

40

EPIGLOTTIS FUNCTION

folds backward to cover the entrance of the larynx so food and liquid do not enter the windpipe and lungs

41

CHYME

Partially digested food that leaves stomach

42

VALSALVA’S MANEUVER

Effort to force the fecal matter out