HTML 2 Flashcards

The <script> tag is used to embed a client-side script (JavaScript).

The <script> element either contains scripting statements, or it points to an external script file through the src attribute.

Tip: Also look at the <noscript> element for users that have disabled scripts in their browser, or have a browser that doesn't support client-side scripting.

The <section> tag defines a section in a document.

The <select> element is used to create a drop-down list.

The <select> element is most often used in a form, to collect user input.

The name attribute is needed to reference the form data after the form is submitted (if you omit the name attribute, no data from the drop-down list will be submitted).

The id attribute is needed to associate the drop-down list with a label.

The <option> tags inside the <select> element define the available options in the drop-down list.

Tip: Always add the <label> tag for best accessibility practices!

The <small> tag defines smaller text (like copyright and other side-comments).

Tip: This tag is not deprecated, but it is possible to achieve richer (or the same) effect with CSS.

The <source> tag is used to specify multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video>, <audio>, and <picture>.

The <source> tag allows you to specify alternative video/audio/image files which the browser may choose from, based on browser support or viewport width. The browser will choose the first <source> it supports.

The <span> tag is an inline container used to mark up a part of a text, or a part of a document.

The <span> tag is easily styled by CSS or manipulated with JavaScript using the class or id attribute.

The <span> tag is much like the <div> element, but <div> is a block-level element and <span> is an inline element.

Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.
Defines strikethrough text

The <strong> tag is used to define text with strong importance. The content inside is typically displayed in bold.

Tip: Use the <b> tag to specify bold text without any extra importance!

The <style> tag is used to define style information (CSS) for a document.

Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser.

Note: When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the HTML document according to the information in the style sheet. If some properties have been defined for the same selector (element) in different style sheets, the value from the last read style sheet will be used

The <sub> tag defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character below the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for chemical formulas, like H₂O.

Tip: Use the <sup> tag to define superscripted text.

The <summary> tag defines a visible heading for the <details> element. The heading can be clicked to view/hide the details.

Note: The <summary> element should be the first child element of the <details> element.

The <sup> tag defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a character above the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be used for footnotes, like WWW^[1].

Tip: Use the <sub> tag to define subscript text.

The <svg> tag defines a container for SVG graphics.

SVG has several methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles, text, and graphic images.

The <table> tag defines an HTML table.

An HTML table consists of one <table> element and one or more <tr>, <th>, and <td> elements.

The <tr> element defines a table row, the <th> element defines a table header, and the <td> element defines a table cell.

An HTML table may also include <caption>, <colgroup>, <thead>, <tfoot>, and <tbody> elements.

The <tbody> tag is used to group the body content in an HTML table.

The <tbody> element is used in conjunction with the <thead> and <tfoot> elements to specify each part of a table (body, header, footer).

Browsers can use these elements to enable scrolling of the table body independently of the header and footer. Also, when printing a large table that spans multiple pages, these elements can enable the table header and footer to be printed at the top and bottom of each page.

Note: The <tbody> element must have one or more <tr> tags inside.

The <tbody> tag must be used in the following context: As a child of a <table> element, after any <caption>, <colgroup>, and <thead> elements.

Tip: The <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> elements will not affect the layout of the table by default. However, you can use CSS to style these elements

The <td> tag defines a standard data cell in an HTML table.

An HTML table has two kinds of cells:

• Header cells - contains header information (created with the <th> element)
• Data cells - contains data (created with the <td> element)

The text in <td> elements are regular and left-aligned by default.

The text in <th> elements are bold and centered by default.

The <template> tag is used as a container to hold some HTML content hidden from the user when the page loads.

The content inside <template> can be rendered later with a JavaScript.

You can use the <template> tag if you have some HTML code you want to use over and over again, but not until you ask for it. To do this without the <template> tag, you have to create the HTML code with JavaScript to prevent the browser from rendering the code.

The <textarea> tag defines a multi-line text input control.

The <textarea> element is often used in a form, to collect user inputs like comments or reviews.

A text area can hold an unlimited number of characters, and the text renders in a fixed-width font (usually Courier).

The size of a text area is specified by the cols and rows attributes (or with CSS).

The name attribute is needed to reference the form data after the form is submitted (if you omit the name attribute, no data from the text area will be submitted).

The id attribute is needed to associate the text area with a label.

Tip: Always add the <label> tag for best accessibility practices!

The <tfoot> tag is used to group footer content in an HTML table.

The <tfoot> element is used in conjunction with the <thead> and <tbody> elements to specify each part of a table (footer, header, body).

Browsers can use these elements to enable scrolling of the table body independently of the header and footer. Also, when printing a large table that spans multiple pages, these elements can enable the table header and footer to be printed at the top and bottom of each page.

Note: The <tfoot> element must have one or more <tr> tags inside.

The <tfoot> tag must be used in the following context: As a child of a <table> element, after any <caption>, <colgroup>, <thead>, and <tbody> elements.

Tip: The <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> elements will not affect the layout of the table by default. However, you can use CSS to style these elements

The <th> tag defines a header cell in an HTML table.

An HTML table has two kinds of cells:

• Header cells - contains header information (created with the <th> element)
• Data cells - contains data (created with the <td> element)

The text in <th> elements are bold and centered by default.

The text in <td> elements are regular and left-aligned by default.

The <thead> tag is used to group header content in an HTML table.

The <thead> element is used in conjunction with the <tbody> and <tfoot> elements to specify each part of a table (header, body, footer).

Browsers can use these elements to enable scrolling of the table body independently of the header and footer. Also, when printing a large table that spans multiple pages, these elements can enable the table header and footer to be printed at the top and bottom of each page.

Note: The <thead> element must have one or more <tr> tags inside.

The <thead> tag must be used in the following context: As a child of a <table> element, after any <caption> and <colgroup> elements, and before any <tbody>, <tfoot>, and <tr> elements.

Tip: The <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> elements will not affect the layout of the table by default. However, you can use CSS to style these elements

The <time> tag defines a specific time (or datetime).

The datetime attribute of this element is used translate the time into a machine-readable format so that browsers can offer to add date reminders through the user's calendar, and search engines can produce smarter search results.

The <title> tag defines the title of the document. The title must be text-only, and it is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab.

The <title> tag is required in HTML documents!

The contents of a page title is very important for search engine optimization (SEO)! The page title is used by search engine algorithms to decide the order when listing pages in search results.

The <title> element:

• defines a title in the browser toolbar
• provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
• displays a title for the page in search-engine results

Here are some tips for creating good titles:

• Go for a longer, descriptive title (avoid one- or two-word titles)
• Search engines will display about 50-60 characters of the title, so try not to have titles longer than that
• Do not use just a list of words as the title (this may reduce the page's position in search results)

So, try to make the title as accurate and meaningful as possible!

Note: You can NOT have more than one <title> element in an HTML document.

The <tr> tag defines a row in an HTML table.

A <tr> element contains one or more <th> or <td> elements.

The <track> tag specifies text tracks for <audio> or <video> elements.

This element is used to specify subtitles, caption files or other files containing text, that should be visible when the media is playing.

Tracks are formatted in WebVTT format (.vtt files).

Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines teletype text