ACSM 2017 Definition
range of motion (ROM) of a joint of group of joints, as per the skeletal muscles and not any external forces
CDC definition
a joint’s ability to move through its full range of motion
Body Tissues
- ligaments
CT between bones, thereby protecting the joint from excessive mvt
Body Tissues
- articular cartilage
= covers the ends of articular/joint surfaces of bones
Body Tissues
- collagen
- = the principal protein of in the body accounting for around 30% of all proteins
- type I
- type II
Body Tissues
- collagen // TYPE 1
consists of thick fibers that elongate very little when placed under tension, relatively stiff and strong
Body Tissues
- collagen // TYPE 2
fibers that are much thinner than type I and possess slightly less tensile strength → framework to maintain general shape and consistency
Body Tissues
tendons
- = non-contractile fibrous CT connecting ends of muscle to one or more bones
- cord-like (tendon) OR sheet-like (aponeurosis)
Stress-Strain Curve
- elastic strain
high stresses, but tissue can return to the original framework
Stress-Strain Curve
- plastic strain
veryhigh stresses you have tissue deformation
Stress-Strain Curve
- Failure
tissues fail under stresses and strain
Tissues Strength & resilience
plantar fascia & IT band need 2K of force to deform it 1%
Extrafusal Fibers
- innervated by alpha motor N to produce force
Intrafusal Fibers
- → GTOs = do measurements by sensing the static length of
extra-fibers and rate of change of length of the muscle
- sensory component → transmit info
- motor component → keeps spindle tight to be sensitive to changes in length
Range of Motion definitions
- passive ROM (PROM)
- = the degree to which a joint can be moved through available ROM completely dependent on assistance
Range of Motion definitions
- active assisted ROM (AAROM)
- = the degree to which a joint can be moved through available ROM with external assistance and muscle contraction
Range of Motion definitions
- active ROM (AROM)
- the degree to which a joint can be moved through available ROM under the participant’s own power
Range of Motion definitions
- resisted ROM (RROM)
- the degree to which a joint can be moved while engaging the musculature of the joint with resistive forces
Types of Stretching
- static
= isolating and moving a muscle to its end ROM, gradually, and holding for a certain time
Types of Stretching
- dynamic
= involves a progressive increase in reach and ROM as the movt is repeated
Types of Stretching
- progressive
= static stretching starting slow allowing the tissue to relax into stretch before pushing more
Types of Stretching
- ballistic
= continuous bouncing mvt at end ROM to try to get MAXlength out of muscle, usually athletes
Variables Can Manipulate
- INTENSITY
→ light to moderate discomfort
Variables Can Manipulate
- DURATION
→ around a min. total each
Variables Can Manipulate
- SPEED
→ depends on type of stretch
Variables Can Manipulate
- FREQUENCY
→ how many sets/day per week
Variables Can Manipulate
- MODE
→ what type
Variables Can Manipulate
- POSITION
→ seated, standing, side-lying, supine, prone
Variables Can Manipulate
- ALIGNMENT
→ are joints & limbs/body position is correct for desired stretch
Stress Strain Curve
Elastic strain
![card image](../uploads/785/14/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00004135.png)
high stresses, but tissue can return to original framework
Stress Strain Curve
Plastic strain
![card image](../uploads/785/14/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00004135.png)
such high stresses you have tissue deformation
Stress Strain Curve
Failure
![card image](../uploads/785/14/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00004135.png)
tissue fails under stresses and strain
Stress Strain Curve
A
![card image](../uploads/785/14/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00004135.png)
stiffness (modulus)
Stress Strain Curve
B
![card image](../uploads/785/14/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00004135.png)
Yield point