Anatomy Block III- Gluteal Region, Thigh, Lumbosacral Plexus Flashcards


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1

what makes up the bony structure of the lower limb

os coxae
femur
patella
tibia
fibula

2
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a. os coxae
b. femur
c. patella
d. fibula
e. tibia

3
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a. iliac crestes
b. anterior superior iliac spine
c. greater trochanter
d. ischial tuberosity
e. pubic crest and symphysis
f. posterior superior iliac spine

4
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a. iliac crest
b. iliotibial tract
c. tensor fasciae latae
d. gluteus maximus
e. ischial tuberosity
f. iliotibial tract

5
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a. gluteus medius
b. gluteus maximus
c. iliotibial tract

6
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a. gluteus medius
b. piriformis
c. superior gemellus
d. tendon of obturator internus
e. inferior gemellus
f. quadratus femoris

7
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a. gluteus minimus
b. piriformis
c. superior gemellus
d. inferior gemellus
e. obturator internus

8
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a. piriformis muscle
b. sciatic nerve
c. inferior gemellus muscle
d. quadratus femoris muscle
e. gluteus medius

9
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tensor fascia lata

10
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a. tensor fascia latae
b. gluteus minimus
c. gluteus medius
d. quadratus femoris
e. gluteus maximus
f. piriformis
g. superior and inferior gemelli
h. obturator internus
i. obturator externus

11

what contributes to lateral rotation of the thigh

quadratus femoris
gluteus maximus
piriformis
superior and inferior gemelli
obturator internus
obturator externus

(sartorius)

12

what contributes to medial rotation of the thigh

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

(pectineus)

13
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a. inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
b. supeiror gluteal nerve and vessels
c. sciatic nerve

14
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Trendelenberg Test

15

what does the Trendelenberg Test try to show

paralysis of the gluteus minimus and medius

16

what will the trendelenberg test show

hip falls to the opposite side of paralysis

17

what is the action of the gluteus maximus

extends the thigh and does lateral/external thigh rotation

18

what innervates the gluteus maximus

inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2

19

where does the gluteus maximus run

off posterior superior iliac spine and down near sacrum, runs over and blends with iliotibial tract

20

what is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus

abducts and medially rotates thigh (when hip flexed)

21

what innervates the gluteus medius and minimus

superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

22

where is the gluteus medius? minimus?

directly underneath gluteus maximus but pokes out top, under gluteus minimus

23

where does the gluteus medius run

from posterior os coxae to femur

24

what is the shape of the piriformis

triangular shaped

25

what action does the piriformis do

lateral thigh rotation

26

what innervates the piriformis

anterior rami S1-S2

27

what are the roles of the superior gemellus and obturator internus

lateral rotators of thigh

28

what innervates the superior gemellus and obturator internus

nerve to obturator internus L5-S1

29

what are the roles of the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

lateral rotators of thigh

30

what innervates the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

nerve to quadratus femoris L5-S1

31

where is the tensor fascia latae and what does it tense on

anterior muscle on front of hip joint, tenses in IT band/tract

32

what is the fascia latae

deep CT around most of thigh muscles

33

how to tight IT band symptoms manifest themselves

can be at hip or condyle of femur as it crosses knee

34

what supplies the blood to the gluteal region

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

35

where should you do a gluteal intramuscular injection

upper lateral quadrant of buttock to avoid sup/inf gluteal nerves and sciatic nerves

36
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a. iliotibial tract
b. fascia lata

37

what deep fascia surrounds the thigh

fascia latae and iliotibial tract/band

38

what compartments are formed by intermuscular septa

anterior, medial, posterior

39

what do muscles in the same compartment normally share

muscle action
innervation
blood supply

40

what is the shared action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

flex thigh at hip, extend leg at knee

41

what is the innervation of the anterior thigh compartment

femoral nerve L2-L4

42

what is the major hip flexor muscle

iliopsoas

43

what innervates the iliacus

femoral nerve L2-L3

44

what innervates the psoas major

L1-L3 lumbar nerves

45

which of the quadriceps femoris muscles crosses the hip and can cause hip flexion

rectus femoris

46

what innervates the quadriceps femoris

femoral nerve

47

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

iliopsoas
quadriceps femoris
sartorius
(pectineus)

48

what muscles make up the iliopsoas

iliacus
psoas major

49

what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

50

where do the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris insert

onto quadriceps tendon, which inserts on patella and then patella inserts onto tibia via patellar ligament

51
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a. psoas major
b. iliacus
c. sartorius
d. rectus femoris
e. vastus lateralis
f. vastus medialis
g. pectineus

52

what is the path of the sartorius

originates at anterior superior iliac spine, crosses anterior portion of the thigh and knee, inserts at media side of tibia

53

what is the role of the sartorius

flexes thigh and knee and laterally rotates leg (due to crossing orientation)

54

why is the pectineus included in the anterior compartment muscles even though it is an ADDUCTOR and should be in the medial compartment functionally?

because it is innervated by the femoral nerve

55

what is the action of the pectineus

adduction of the leg
weak thigh flexor
medial rotator

56

what is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh

femoral artery

57
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a. vastus intermedius
b. femoral nerve and vessels
c. sartorius
d. vastus medialis
e. rectus femoris
f. vastus lateralis

58
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a. adductor longus
b. gracilis

59

what is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh

adduction of the thigh

60

what muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh

gracilis
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturator externus

61

what is the path of gracilis

from pubic region of os coxae and inserts to tibia to the same region as sartorius

62

what is the action of the gracilis

adduction of leg
flexes thigh and knee

63

what innervates the gracilis

obturator nerve L2-L4

64

what innervates the adductor longus

obturator nerve

65

what innervates the adductor brevis

obturator nerve

66

what does the obturator externus do

lateral rotation of the thigh, not much adduction

67

what innervates the obturator externus

obturator nerve L2-L3

68

what do the adductor brevis and longus do

adduct the thigh

69

what are the two portions of the adductor magnus

adductor portion and hamstring portion

70

what are the funcitons of the adductor portion of the adductor magnus

adduction and flex thigh

71

what innervates the adductor portion of the adductor magnus

obturator nerve L2-L4

72

what innervates the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

tibial nerve or sciatic before tibial branches off, from L4

73

what gives blood supply to the medial leg

obturator artery

74

what artery gives off branches to the posterior compartment but runs in the medial compartment

deep femoral artery

75

which adductors doesnt the obturator innervate

pectineus (femoral)
hamstring portion of adductor magnus (tibial)

76

what is the function of the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

extend hip

77
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a. adductor longus
b. adductor magnus

78
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a. obturator externus
b. adductor brevis
c. adductor longus
d. adductor magnus

79

where does the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus attach?

to the adductor tubercle

80
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a. adductor tubercle, where hamstring attaches

81
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a. deep femoral vessels
b. adductor magnus
c. adductor brevis
d. gracilis
e. adductor longus

82
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obturator nerve

83
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a. semitendinosus
b. biceps femoris
c. semimembranosus

84

what is the functino of the posterior compartment of the thigh

extend thigh and flex leg

85

what are the components of the hamstrings muscles

semitendinosus
semimembranousus
biceps femoris

86

where is the semitendinosus muscle

medial side on top of semimembranosus but thickens near popliteal fossa

87

where is the semimembranosus muscle

medial side under semitendinosus, flatter and more membranous

88

what are the actions of the semitendinosus

thigh extension and knee flexion

89

what are the actions of the semimembranosus

thigh extension and knee flexion

90

what are the actions of the biceps femoris

thigh extension and knee flexion

91

what innervates semitendinosus

tibial nerve

92

what innervates semimembranosus

tibial nerve

93

what innervates the biceps femoris

long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve L5-S2
short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve

94

what nerve is present in the posterior compartment of the thigh

sciatic nerve

95

what gives blood to the posterior compartment

perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

96

what are the parts of the sciatic nerve

tibial division
common fibular division

97
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a. piriformis
b. common fibular nerve
c. common fibular nerve
d. tibial nerve

98
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a. iliotibial band/tract
b. biceps femoris: short head
c. biceps femoris: long head
d. semitendinosus
e. semimebranosus
f. sciatic nerve

99
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a. inguinal ligament
b. adductor longus
c. apex of femoral triangle
d. sartorius

100

what passes through the saphenous opening

great saphenous vein

101

what often protrudes through the femoral canal in a femoral hernia

small intestine

102

how can the femoral hernia affect the body

can interfere with venous drainage, usually doesnt fix itself

103

what is the femoral triangle and canal

triangular space containing femoral vessels and nerve

104

what is the base of the femoral triangle

inguinal ligament

105

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

sartorius

106

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

adductor longus

107

what forms the apex of the femoral triangle

adductor longus and sartorius

108

what does the femoral sheath cover

all but the femoral nerve

109

what is a femoral hernia

herniation through the femoral canal

110

is femoral herniation more common in women or men

women

111

what is the difference between hiatal and inguinal hernias

...

112

what nerves make up the lumbar plexus

iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
femoral nerve
obturator nerve
lumbosacral trunk

113

what nerves make up the sacral plexus

superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
nerve to piriformis
sciatic nerve (common fibular division and tibial division)
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
pudendal nerve

114

what kind of innervation supplies the leg extensors?

posterior division of anterior ramus

115

what kind of innervation supplies the thigh abductors

posterior division of anterior ramus

116

what kind of innervation supplies the leg flexors

anterior division of anterior ramus

117

what kind of innervation supplies the thigh adductors

anterior division of anterior ramus

118
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a. femoral nerve
b. lateral femoral sheath
c. intermediate femoral sheath
d. medial/canal femoral sheath

119
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femoral hernia

120
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a. femoral nerve
b. obturator nerve
c. lumbosacral trunk

121
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a. superior gluteal nerve
b. inferior gluteal nerve
c. sciatic nerve, top part common fibular division and bottom part tibial division

122
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a. dorsal ramus
b. posterior division of anterior ramus
- supplies dorsal mass muscles (leg extensors, thigh abductors)
d. anterior division of anterior ramus
- supplies ventral mass muscles (leg flexors, thigh adductors)
e. ventral ramus
f. ventral root
g. spinal nerve
h. dorsal root

123

what provides autonomics to the lower extremities

lumbosacral plexus

124

what type of general nervous function does the lumbosacral plexus provide

sympathetics only= vasomotor to blood vessels and stimulation of arrector pili and sweat glands in the skin

125

what levels does the femoral nerve originate from

posterior divisions L2-L4

126

what region does the femoral nerve innervate

anterior thigh

127

what levels does the obturator nerve originate from

anterior divisions L2-L4

128

what region does the obturator nerve innervate

medial thigh

129

which sacral plexus nerves form the posterior divisions of the anterior rami

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

130

what levels does the sciatic nerve originate from

L4-S3

131

what does the tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervate? which division of the anterior ramus is it from

posterior thigh, anterior division

132

what does the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve innervate? which division of the anterior ramus is it from

mostly to lower leg and foot, posterior division

133
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a. ventral rami
b. ventral rami
c. ventral rami
d. dorsal rami

134

what contributes to the cutaneous innervations of the gluteal region

posterior rami for upper inner quadrant, ventral rami for the rest

135
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a. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
b. cutaneous branches of femoral nerve
c. cutaneous branches of obturator nerve
d. genitofemoral nerve

136

what nerves innervate the anterior thigh cutaneously

genitofemoral nerve
cutaneous branches of obturator nerve
cutaneous branches of femoral nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

137

what does the genitofemoral nerve innervate cutaneously

cutaneous region of the upper anterior part of the thigh

138

what do the cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve innervate cutaneously

upper medial part of the anteiror cutaneous region of the thigh

139

what do the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve innervate cutaneously

anterior and lower medial cutaneous region of the thigh

140

what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate cutaneously

upper lateral region cutaneous region of the thigh

141

what nerves innervate the posterior thigh cutaneously

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
cutaneous branches of obturator nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

142
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a. cutaneous branches of obturator nerve
b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
c. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

143

what is the main innervation of the posterior thigh?

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve