When the new government was launched in 1789
a.
the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years.
b.
most people lived in the fast-growing cities.
c.
most people lived west of the Allegheny Mountains.
d.
New York was the largest city in the nation.
e.
Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.
A
All of the following are accurate descriptions of the young American nation except
a.
its population was still about 90 percent rural, despite the flourishing cities.
b.
the first official census of 1790 recorded almost 4 million people.
c.
all but 5 percent of the people lived east of the Appalachian Mountains.
d.
most of the population lived in the eastern seaboard cities.
e.
foreign visitors looked down at the roughness and crudity of the pioneering life.
D
Despite the flourishing cities, America's population was still about ____ percent rural.
a.
20
b.
40
c.
55
d.
70
e.
90
E
Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it as all of the following except
a.
something to be ultimately eliminated.
b.
something to be distrusted.
c.
something to be watched.
d.
something to be curbed.
e.
a necessary evil.
A
The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)
a.
Electoral College.
b.
vice president.
c.
Supreme Court.
d.
cabinet.
e.
federal court system.
D
Match the individual with his office in the new government.
A.
Thomas Jefferson
1.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
B.
Alexander Hamilton
2.
secretary of state
C.
Henry Knox
3.
secretary of war
D.
John Jay
4.
secretary of treasury
a.
A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
b.
A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
c.
A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
d.
A-4, B-2, C-l, D-3
e.
A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
C
One of the major criticisms of the Constitution, as drafted in Philadelphia, was that it
a.
was too long and detailed.
b.
was far too short and required more detail.
c.
failed to guarantee property rights.
d.
failed to provide a mechanism for amendment.
e.
did not provide guarantees for individual rights.
E
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____ against the potential tyranny of ____.
a.
the prerogatives of Congress, the president
b.
the army and the navy, the national government
c.
the South, the northern majority
d.
individual liberties, a strong central government
e.
civilian authorities, the military
D
One of the first jobs facing the new government, formed under the Constitution, was to
a.
establish a powerful army.
b.
reestablish diplomatic ties with Britain.
c.
draw up and pass a bill of rights.
d.
establish economic ties with France.
e.
All of these
C
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
a.
the right to vote for all citizens.
b.
freedom of speech.
c.
freedom of religion.
d.
freedom of the press.
e.
right to a trial by a jury.
A
Which amendment guards against the danger that enumerating rights might lead to the conclusion that they were the only ones protected?
a.
First
b.
Second
c.
Fifth
d.
Ninth
e.
Tenth
D
The ____ Amendment might rightly be called the states' rights amendment.
a.
First
b.
Sixth
c.
Eighth
d.
Ninth
e.
Tenth
E
All of the following were true of Alexander Hamilton except
a.
he served as the first Secretary of the Treasury.
b.
his intelligence was constantly under question, but his loyalty to the republican experiment never wavered.
c.
he would have been president if it were not for his ultraconservatism, a scandalous adultery, and a duelist's bullet.
d.
his chief rival was Thomas Jefferson.
e.
he claimed that the "British Government was the best in the world."
B
Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored
a.
agricultural interests.
b.
trade with France.
c.
the wealthier class.
d.
the poor.
e.
the middle class.
C
Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would
a.
gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government.
b.
restore the principles of state sovereignty.
c.
be the quickest way to pay off the national debt.
d.
guarantee the fairest treatment of the original holders of government bonds.
e.
keep taxes low and therefore create a feeling of loyalty to the new federal government.
A
As secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to
a.
help the wealthy.
b.
bring more industry to the United States.
c.
see that more agricultural products were exported.
d.
bolster the national credit.
e.
put the country on the gold standard.
D
All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program except
a.
the creation of a national bank.
b.
funding the entire national debt at par.
c.
vigorous foreign trade.
d.
protective tariffs.
e.
paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.
E
Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt
a.
would do great harm to the nation's economy.
b.
might lead to military weakness.
c.
could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States.
d.
was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success.
e.
could help his economic plans but not his political plans.
D
The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agricultural and commercial interests, was
a.
funding at par.
b.
assumption.
c.
the National Bank.
d.
a protective tariff.
e.
excise taxes.
D
Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from
a.
sales taxes and licensing fees.
b.
customs duties and excise tax.
c.
income and property taxes.
d.
western land sales and foreign loans.
e.
foreign aid.
B
Alexander Hamilton's proposed bank of the United States was
a.
rejected by the House of Representatives.
b.
supported by Thomas Jefferson.
c.
enthusiastically supported by George Washington.
d.
based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution.
e.
never fully enacted.
D
Jefferson's argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the
a.
Articles of Confederation.
b.
"necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
c.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
d.
Tenth Amendment in the Bill of Rights.
e.
restrictions on Congress's power in Article I, section 10 of the Constitution.
D
Hamilton's major programs seriously infringed on
a.
checks and balances.
b.
national security.
c.
states' rights.
d.
free enterprise.
e.
federal authority.
C
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government
a.
levied an excise tax on whiskey.
b.
tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey.
c.
allowed the import of foreign whiskey.
d.
halted the export of American whiskey.
e.
tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey.
A
All of the following are true statements about the Whiskey Rebellion except
a.
backcountry pioneer folk saw whiskey not as a luxury but as an economic necessity and medium of exchange.
b.
protesters felt burdened by Hamilton's economic programs.
c.
Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion by negotiating with the protestors.
d.
protesters erected whiskey poles similar to liberty poles used against the Stamp Act in 1765.
e.
whiskey rebels tarred and feathered revenue officers.
C