Pathophysiology - E-Book: MIDTERM Flashcards

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

Pulse pressure is defined as

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

Croup is characterized by

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called _____ pressure.

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

The arterial oxygen content (CaO ₂) for a patient with PaO ₂ 100 mm Hg, SaO ₂ 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

Mitral stenosis is associated with

An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?

How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone–related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

Which causes vasoconstriction?

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

Which change in a patient’s assessment has the greatest urgency?

Peripheral edema is a result of

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person’s cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with

Hyperaldosteronism causes

A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Cancer grading is based on

In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?

Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

A patient with flail chest will demonstrate

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid is _____ ions.

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by

An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?

Metaplasia is

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is

A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

The characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis include

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

First-degree heart block is characterized by

The nurse provides teaching regarding dietary intake of potassium to avoid an electrolyte imbalance when a patient

Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse’s best response is

Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to

A 5-year-old patient’s parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child’s most likely diagnosis is

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?