daw a flowchart of the organization of the nervous system

Effector of somatic ns

Effector of autonomic ns

SNS: skeletal muscles

ANS: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Efferent pathway of SNS

Efferent pathway of ANS

one neuron system

two neuron system (pre- and post- synaptic)

neurotransmitter and response of target organ of somatic nervous system

acetylcholine - excitatory

neurotransmitter and response of target organ of autonomic nervous system

presynaptic neuron - acetylcholine - excitatory;

postsynaptic neuron - sympathetic - norepinephrine and epinephrine

postsynaptic neuron - parasympathetic - acetylcholine

where are motor neuron cell bodies located? sensory neuron cell bodies?

ventral horn of spinal cord; dorsal root ganglia

parasympathetic cranial nerves?

3,7,9,10

spinal cord levels of sympathetic nervous system?

T1-L2

spinal cord levels of parasympathetic nervous system?

S2-s4

origin of presynpatic neuron cell body in SNS

origin of presynaptic neuron cell body in PNS

(think not super specific)

thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (called thoracolumbar region)

brain and sacral spinal cord (called craniosacral division)

pre and post synaptic fiber lengths of SNS and PNS

SNS - presynaptic is short and postsynaptic is long

PNS presynaptic is long and postsynaptic is short

Why is the presynaptic fiber length short and postsynaptic long in the SNS?

b/c presynpatic goes to the sympathetic chain of white rami communicnte - ganglia is close to spinal cord. and then postsynaptic has to travel all the way to effector organ

Why is the presynaptic fiber length long and postsynaptic fiber short in the PNS?

ganglia is located in the effector organ

what is the only major body function not inhibited by PNS?

digestion

what are the three options when presynaptic fiber joins sympathetic chain via white rami?

synapse at same level of chain entrance

ascend or descend to different level

pass through chain without synapsing - splanchnic nerve

which are the only splanchnic nerves that carry parasympthetic fibers?

pelvic splanchnic nerves

presynaptic fibers enter sympathetic chain via _______ and exit via ____

white rami; grey rami

Where are presynaptic neuron cell bodies located in parasympathetic nervous system?

nuclei for cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

and S2-S4 spinal cord levels

where is the synapse located between neurons in parasympathetic nervous system?

terminal ganglia

-named ganglia like ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic

-unnamed intramural gnaglia (in or near the wall of effector organ)

Presynaptic fibers running via the oculomotor nerve (III) innervates what?

facial nerve?

glossopharangyeal?

vagus?

smooth muscle in eye

lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

parotid gland

almost every organ in the thoracic and abdominal cavity

which organs receive parasympathetic communication via the vagus nerve?

heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and proximal half of large intestine

what is the pathway of cranial outflow of PNS?

sacral outflow?

presynaptic fibers run via the four parasympathetic cranial nerves

presynaptic fibers run through the ventral root --> spinal nerve --> ventral rami --> exit ventral rami as pelvic splanchnic nerves

what innervates distal portion of large intestine? proximal?

pelvic splanchnic nerves; vagus nerve

where do pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse and what do they innervate?

synapse in intramural ganglia and innervate distal half of large intestine and pelvic viscera (urinary bladder, uterus, and reproductive organs)

where are presynaptic neuron cell bodies located in the SNS?

thoracolumbar region of spinal cord (T1-L2) and the intermediate horn

where is the synapse between the two neurons in the SNS?

paravertebral ganglia on the sympathetic chain

or

prevertebral/collateral ganglia on the abdominal aorta

the sympathetic chain extends from _____ to _____

cranial base; coccyx

how are the paravertebral ganglia joined to the spinal nerve?

by white and grey rami communicantes

what is the pattern of thoracolumbar outflow in the SNS?

presynaptic fibers exit through ventral root --> spinal nerve--> white ramus--> paravertebral ganglia on the sympathetic chain

if preganglionic fibers do not synapse on the sympathetic chain in SNS, how do they exit the chain?

as splanchnic nerves