Under normal circumstances, most water is lost in __________.

Urine

The role of ADH is to ___.

Increase water reabsorption.

Which hormone raises blood calcium levels?

PTH

A decrease in blood CO₂ levels leads to __________.

An increase in blood pH

Which buffer system is the most abundant in the body?

Protein

What is the effect of hyperventilation on pH?

respiratory alkalosis

Hypersecretion of aldosterone results in hypokalemia, which causes hyperpolarization of neurons; this in turn results in ______

the need for a stronger than normal stimulus in order to trigger an action potential

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.

Plasma

Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
A) amount of body fat
B) body mass
C) age
D) amount of water ingested

amount of water ingested

When the production of hydrogen ions in the body is the same as their loss, you are in ____________________.

acid-base balance

The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment?

Intracellular fluid

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?

There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.

98% of calcium filtered by the kidney is reabsorbed due to the action of ________.

Parathyroid hormone

Which condition would cause a drop in pH?

Hypoventiliation

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is _________________

Sodium

Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

True or False

Salts are lost from the body in perspiration, feces, and urine.

True

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Potassium

The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the ____________________.

Protein Buffer System

Pica occurs when there is a deficiency of _________ in the body.

Minerals such as iron

The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as ____________________.

Hyponatremia

A patient with alkalosis would experience ____________________

Hypovetillation

Physiology adjustments of water and electrolytes are made by ____________________.
A) aldosterone.
B) ADH.
C) atrial natriuretic peptide.
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Diuresis peaks _________ after drinking water.

1 hour

True or False

Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions) originate as by-products of cellular metabolism.

True

Edema may result from _______

Lymphatic Blockage