Ch 24.
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of _______.
Fatty Acids
The hormone responsible for setting basal metabolic rate is ____.
Thyroxine
The term metabolic rate includes ___.
The total heat produced by the body
True or False
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an antioxidant.
True
Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical?
The ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body.
Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to
lose weight?
A) An increase in alpha receptors (the kind that
favor fat accumulation) in fat cells
B) An increase in taste
receptors
C) An increase in metabolism that increases the
appetite
D) An increase in thyroxine levels as fat levels accumulate
A. An increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favor fat accumulation) in fat cells
Dietary fats are important because _____.
They help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins.
A diet rich in minerals would include which of the following
foods?
A) fats, sugars, and apples
B) refined cereals,
grains, and rye bread
C) legumes, milk, and pork
D) eggs,
bacon, and pizza
C. legumes, milk, and pork
Which of the following statements best describes complete
protein?
A) derived from meat and fish only
B) meets
all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet
C)
derived only from legumes and other plant material
D) must meet
all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth
B. must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth
True or False
The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.
False
True or False
Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.
False
All of the following are considered major nutrients
except
A) vitamins.
B) carbohydrates.
C)
protein.
D) lipids.
Vitmains
The most abundant dietary lipids are _______
Triglycerides
Soluble fibers are found in ______ and help to lower cholesterol.
Apples
Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the ____.
Mouth
Protein digestion starts in the ___.
Stomach
What are the functions of the liver?
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron
What is the main function of the large intestine/colon?
To reabsorb water to make a more compact waste
The junction at the large and small intestine is called the ____.
cecum
The site of electron transport is the _________________.
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Excess amino acids in the diet are __________.
Are oxidized for energy or converted to carbohydrates or fats.
True or False
Anabolism is a building process where larger molecules are built from smaller ones while catabolism is a tearing down process where complex structures are degraded to simpler ones.
True
Which nutrient functions as coenzymes and are needed in only small amounts?
Vitamins
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
Mitochondrian
Which of the following process takes place in the cytosol of a
eukaryotic cell?
A) Glycolysis
B) Citric Acid Cycle
C)
Electron Transport Chain
D) Acetyl CoA Formations
A. Glycolysis
What is glycolysis?
A process that splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.
What is the citric acid cycle?
A process that produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.
What is the electron transport chain?
A process that uses energy captured form electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
What is the sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration?
glycolysis-> acetyl CoA-> citric acid cycle-> electron transport chain
What is the general equation for cellular respiration?
C6H1206 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + ATP energy
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
Mitochondrion
What process takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis
What term describes the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids?
Lipolysis
The body's rate of kilocalorie consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities is called the ____.
Total metabolic rate
What hormone is called the "metabolic" hormone?
Thyroxine
During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, _____.
the glyocgen content of the liver is reduced.
One of the reasons why statins are effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease is ______.
they decrease the incidence of cholesterol deposition in arterial walls.
Although both conditions share the common characteristic of elevated body temperature, hyperthermia is technically different from fever because ______.
fever is a condition in which there is a change in the body's temperature set-point
In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ______
production of energy