Recombinant DNA technology can be most accurately defined as the

deliberate modification of the genome of an organism for practical purposes.

In the 20th century, scientists harnessed the natural metabolic reactions of bacteria to make _____ for the first time in an industrial setting.

acetone

Which of the following items is NOT a part of the name of a restriction enzyme?

the gram reaction of the source bacterium

The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to

protect the cell from invading phages

A library of cloned sequences representing the expressed genes of an organism is known as a

gene library

Which of the following restriction enzyme sites would produce blunt-ended fragments?

CCC ^ GGG

Recent modifications of microbes have produced

microbes which facilitate extraction of metals from mining ores

Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE?

Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size

Synthetic nucleic acids are useful as

DNA probes, primers, and antisense RNAs

Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for

producing organisms with altered phenotypes

Which of the following is essential to PCR?

both DNA primers and DNA polymerase

If a researcher used Escherichia coli DNA polymerase instead of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase in the PCR procedure, what would be the result?

DNA replication would stop after one cycle

Which of the following would be an appropriate sequence of temperature for PCR?

94*C, 65 C , 72C

If you started with a single DNA molecule, how many would you have at the end of six PCR cycles?

64

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the _____ electrode because they have an overall _____ charge.

positive; negative

Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of genetic sequences of a virus in a sample?

Southern blotting or PCR

A northern blot differs from a Southern blot in the

type of nucleic acid being isolated

Which method of inserting DNA into cells is illustrated in this figure?

protoplast fusion

The DNA double helix can be separated into single strands using

either heat or NaOH

The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is called

genomics

Which of the following devices is used for PCR?

a thermocycler

DNA fingerprinting can be used

for forensics and detection of uncultivable organisms.

A researcher inserted DNA fragments from an organism into plasmids and introduced the modified plasmids into bacterial cells. Which of the following methods would be the most efficient means of identifying which clones contain a specific gene of interest?

use a labeled synthetic probe complementary to the gene sequence

Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they

are acellular and do not pose a risk for causing the disease.

Which of the following recombinant tools is NOT in DNA fingerprinting?

reverse transcriptase

Transgenic organisms

contain genes from other organisms

Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests?

Bacillus thuringiensis

Synthetic nucleic acids are produced

using computer controlled machines to assemble a single strand nucleic acid.

If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode?

250 base pairs

Which of the following procedures would be used to introduce DNA into a single mouse cell?

microinjection

The procedure used to identify individuals by their unique genetic sequences is known as

DNA fingerprinting

An effective tool for screening a large number of genetic sequences at once is know as

FISH

Which of the following is generally NOT considered an ethical issue regarding recombinant DNA technology?

answering basic research questions

Two men may be the father of a child. this figure shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. Which is the best interpretation of these results?

the man identified as B is probably the father

Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing?

Pseudomonas

Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of

reverse transcriptase

Probes used for detecting genetic sequence are frequently composed of

synthetic nucleic acids and labeled conjugates, such as fluorescent dyes.

______ are used for cutting DNA molecules into fragments.

restriction enzymes

A microarray is assembled using

single-stranded DNA and silicon chips

Which of the following is NOT a goal of recombinant DNA technology?

making it possible to clone humans

In Southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on

nitrocellulose membranes

_____ are used in the detection of DNA by FISH.

Synthetic DNAs and fluorescent tags

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads.

DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patients body. this is an example of?

gene therapy

Some of the strongest opposition to the application of recombinant DNA technology concerns

modification of food crops

The use of microbes to make practical products such as vaccines or hormones is called (genomics/ recombination/ biotechnology)

biotechnology

A technique using fluorescent-tagged probes to detect specific DNA sequences in their natural locations is known as (FISH/ PCR/ BLOTTING)

FISH

Nucleic acid molecules used to deliver new genes to cells are called (plasmids/victors/ clones).

vectors

Restriction (enzymes/ proteases), first isolated from bacterial cells, cut DNA molecules at specific sites.

enzymes

Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called (probes/ primers/ vectors)

probes

A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/ map/ library).

library

The northern blot is a technique used to detect specific RNA molecules in a larger population of molecules that have been separated by gel ( electroporation/ electrophoresis).

electrophoresis

Small RNAs that bind to an mRNA and alter its expression are known as (antisense/ probes/ restriction) RNAs.

antisense

The process of locating genes within the nucleic acid of an organism is called (genetic/ library/ clone) mapping.

genetic

The insertion of foreign DNA directly into a cell's nucleus using a glass micro pipet is called (microporation/ electroporation/ microinjection).

microinjection

Genetic (screening/ sequencing/ cloning) can be used to detect mutant genes associated with genetic diseases in individuals before any clinical symptoms are noted.

screening

A DNA (library/ microarray) may be used to study the complex, changing patterns of mRNA production in an organism.

microarray

Beta-carotene, the biochemical precursor to vitamin A, can be added to rice by using (biotechnology/ cloning/ recombinant) DNA technology, thereby increasing its nutritional value.

recombinant

Study of the genome of Deinococcus radiodurans may provide insight into preventing or correcting genetic damage resulting from (radiation/ mutation).

radiaton

Vectors usually contain genetic (markers/sequences) such as antibiotic genes or fluorescent tags.

markers