Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to ____ ?

view microorganisms & record theses observations

The Microbes commonly know as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.

Protozoa

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

They are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals.

Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by _____ .

Facultative anaerobes

Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation?

Needham

Pasteur's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for ____

industrial microbiology

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?

Fungi are photosynthetic

Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is FALSE?

The suspected pathogen may not be present in all cases of the disease being studied

Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?

Lister

The study of the bodies defenses against pathogens is called ____ ?

immunology

Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology?

What causes diseases, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible?

Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because?

diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples

What scientist first hypothesized that gene sequences could provide new insights into evolutionary relationships among all organisms (including microbes)?

Pauling

Work by _____ laid the foundations of the field of environmental microbiology.

Beijerinck and Winogradsky

According to Kluyver and Van Niel which of the following are true of basic biochemical reactions?

Basic biochemical reactions shared by all living things primarily involve transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions.

Semmelweis advocated hand washing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?

puerperal fever

Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat?

Syphilis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

They are visible with a light microscope

The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by an ______ pathogen.

viral

All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT.

Spallanzani

Which of the following types of microbe was NOT observed by Leeuwenhoek?

Virus

Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of ?

Genetic Engineering

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation?

the flasks he used were sealed with corks

Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the _____ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.

Gram stain

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

they are all photosynthetic

Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the foundation of chemotherapy?

Ehrilich

Which of the following is NOT an observation Pasteur made concerning the fermentation of grape juice?

Pasteurization kills yeast to prevent spoilage of grape juice

What is the correct order for the application of Kochs postulates?

III, II, I, IV

John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in london laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?

both infection control and epidemiology

Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXPECT?

the cause of fermentation

Which of the following are an incorrect pairing?

protozoa; multicellular

What was the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin?

Anthrax

The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious disease by

developing methods for reducing nosocomial infections

Who discovered penicillin?

Fleming

All of the following were involved in developing the germ theory of disease EXCEPT?

Pauling

Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

prokayotes

The term that literally means "against putrefaction" is

antisepsis

The term ____ refers to an infection acquired in a health care setting.

nosocomial

What must one have before designing and conducting experiments?

A hypothesis

Who demonstrated that fermentation could occur in the absence of intact cells?

Buchner

The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is

bioremediation

The term ______ involves the study of the blood components that fight infection

serology`

The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease is known as

epidemiology

The amateur scientist (Koch/Leeuwenhoek/Pasteur) made his own microscope and first reported the existence of microbes.

Leeuwenhoek

A cell that contains a nucleus is called an ( prokaryotic / archaeal/ eukaryotic) cell.

Eukaryotic

A (photosynthetic/ algae/ plant) organism makes its own food using light energy.

photosynthetic

Microbes that cause infectious disease are called (pathogens/germs/viruses).

Pathogens

The desire to prevent (infection/disease/sepsis), literally "putrefaction" resulted in many developments leading to modern medicine.

Sepsis

A scientist conducts experiments to test an (observation/hypothesis/therory).

Hypothesis

The development of molecular biology has made possible the application of (genome sequencing/gene sequences/gene sequencing) to provide a better understanding of the relationships between organisms.

Gene sequencing

Research done in robert lochs laboratory laid the foundation for (epidemiology/immunology/etiology), the study of the cases of disease in animals.

Immunology

A (colony/habitat/biofilm) is a community of microbes growing on surfaces.

Biofilm

Spallanzanis experiments contradicted the experiments of (Needham/Redi/Pasteur) on spontaneous generation.

Needham

Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of (antisepsis/vaccination/washing) as a means of preventing disease transmission.

Washing

A term synonymous with immunization, (vaccination/infection) is derived from the Latin name of the cowpox virus.

Vaccination

The use of chemicals to treat diseases such as bacterial infections is called ( gene therapy/chemotherapy).

Chemotherapy

Organisms such as bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate are often studied in (environmental/bioremediation/ecologic) microbiology.

Environmental

The (physiology/metabolism) of an organism is all the chemical reactions that take place in the organism.

Metabolism

Radioactive iodine is sometimes used to treat thyroid cancer. This is an example of the use of (isotopes/elements/radiation) in medical treatment.

Isotopes

The phosphorylation of a protein by ATP is an (exchange/transfer) reaction.

Exchange

Cell surface markers composed of both carbohydrate and lipid molecules are know as (glycoproteins/glycolipids/LPS).

Glycolipids