the early events of inflammation are characterized by all except

a.vasodilation b.extravasion c.apoptosis d.chemotaxis

c

identify the mismatched pair

a.MyD88:adaptor protein b.ICAM-1:LFA-1 c.CD14:LPS d.NK cells:IFN-y e.selectins:protein ligands

e

systemic distribution of TNF-alpha in the blood circulation will cause

septic shock

all of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except?

a.factor B b.factor D c.factor P d.C4 e.C5

d

which is mismatched?

a.cytosol:intracellular pathogen b.surface of epithelium:extracellular pathogen c.nucleus:intracellular pathogen d.lymph:intracellular pathogen

d

all of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except___

a. they are soluble and bind to pathogen b.they are innate immunity c.they are in extracellular fluids d.they facilitate phagocytosis of pathogens

b

an_____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation.

a.regular complement activation b.convertase c.complement control protein molecule d.zymogen

d

defensins

vasoactive peptide facilitating the recruitment of innate immunity mediators

cryptidins

alpha-defensins made by Paneth cells

bradykinin

inhibits dissemination of pathogens by forming blood clots

which of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation?

a.chemotaxis b.opsinization c.vasoconstriction d.proteolysis

c

anaphylatoxins

induce local and systemic inflammatory responses

properdin

protects C3bBb from protease degredation

iC3

binds factor B for cleavage by factor D which initiates alternative complement pathway

C3bBb

alternative C3 converatse

C3b2Bb

alternative C5 converatse

C5

inflammatory mediator and initiates membrane attack complex

complement receptors

regulatory proteins

CR1, CR3, CR4, binds C3b and stimulates phagocytosis, binds iC3

pathogen recognition receptors

regulatory proteins

phagocytic receptors, recognize associated molecular patterns and stimulate phagocytosis

toll-like receptors

regulatory proteins

recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and stimulate production of cytokines

NOD-like receptors

regulatory proteins

located in cytoplasm, bind products of bacterial degradation and stimulate cytokine production

inflammasome

in response to cell stress, cleaves pro-IL-1B to active form, associates with NLRP3 and procaspase-1

RIG-1-like receptors

located in the cytoplasm and detect viral DNA/RNA resulting in production of cytokines esp interferons

IL-6

cytokine

induces liver to produce and up-regulate acute phase proteins, acts on hypothalamus, fat, muscle to increase temperature of infected tissue

CXCL8

cytokine

neutrophil chemotactic factor, up-regulates neutrophil adhesion molecules

IL-12

cytokine

recruits NK cells

IL-15

cytokine

activates NK cells

IFN- alpha and beta

cytokine

antiviral chemokines, activate antiviral responses

IFN-y

cytokine

activates macrophages

NF-kB

transcription factors

activates transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines