Respiration

1. Pulmonary ventilation (inhaling)
2. External (when oxygen leaves air sacs of lungs and enters B.S.
3. Transport of gases (Oxygen from lungs to tissue)
4. Internal - (Oxygen diffuses from blood to tissues)

Paranasal Sinuses

located in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

Vibrissae

noise hairs that filter

Right Lung

Made of of 3 lobes

Left Lung

made up of 2 lobes and Cardiac Notch

True Vocal chords

involved with making sound and appear white

False vocal chords

do not make sound

help close off glottis

Boyle's Law

relationship betwen pressure and volume of gas

volume (up) = pressure (down) and Volume (down)= Pressure (up)

Respiratory Bronchioles

start the respiratory zone

Aveoli

Make up aveolar sac

Mediastensum

Always middle of chest

Surfactant

Destroys or neutralizes surface tension

What do Lymphnodes do?

Filter lymph

White pulp

White blood cells

Red Pulp

Red blood cells

Fetus gets red blood cells from:

Spleen produces first red blood cells but now as adult it is produced by red bone marrow

Thymus gland

almost gone once into adulthood because immune system fully intact

Tonsils

Trap bacteria mechanically and does not filter lymph

Uvula

Part of the nasapharynx closes off nasal cavity when swallowing

Type I Aveoli

Simple Squamos

Type II Aveoli

Produce Surfactant

Visceral Pleura

Parietal

Atelactosis

Collapsed Lung

Pneumorthrax

Allowing Air in the pleural cavity which leads to collapsed lung

98% oxygen carried by?

Hemoglobulin

10% carbin dioxide

Carried dissolved gas

Oxygen Hemoglobulin

Formed in lungs

Oxygen hemoglobulin

breaks down into tissue

Thoracic Duct

Empties lymph inside of the Left subclavian vein

Right lymphatic Duct

Empties chime into the right subclavian vein

T Lymphocytes

Program B lymphocytes

B Lymphocytes

become plasma cells & produce antibodies

What do lymph nodes do?

Filter lymph

Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

Carry lymph Out (E)xit

Afferent Lymphatic vessels

Carry lymph In

Lymph nodes have 2 basic funtions

1. filtration
2. immune system activation

Metastassizeing

carrying Cancer from one place to the other (spreading throughout body)

Why men have deeper voice

Male hormones make vocal chords larger than women

Order of nasal cavity

behind nasal cavity

nasal pharynx behind mouth

oral pharynx

in throat and then your laryngopharynx

Very last tube that makes up conducting zone

Terminal bronchial tubes

what tubes makes up first part of respiratory zone

respiratory bronchial tubes

Difference between Type I and Type II Aveoli cells?

Type I make of the wall of the Aveoli - Simple squamos

Type II - produce surfactant (more complex)

what effect does surfactant have on water

Destroys the surface tension and causes it to fall away or separate

also keeps the membranes moist

Parietal Pleura

Bag that contains lung (between the visceral and the parietal you have the pleural cavity between them)

Visceral Pleura

Outermost membrane

Serous Membrane

Serous fluid

20% of carmninohemoglobin

drawings p 833

1. Where is oxyhemoglobin formed?
2. Where does oxyhemoglobin break down?
3. Carbonimohemoglobin

3 questions

1. Formed in lungs
2. breaks down in tissues
3. Formed in tissue and breaks down capillaries in lungs

Where did the bicarbonate iron shift into the red blood cells?

In the aveoli of the lungs

Where do bicarbonate ions shift in the red blood cells? p. 833

In the lungs

Bicarbinate ion shifts out of red blood cell the chloride ion will shift into the red blood cell to keep everything balanced. (If negative charge shifts out a negative charge has to shift in to balance your positive and negative charges.)

Ventral Respiratory Group

Sets basic rythym of breathing

Pontine Respiratory Group

Changes breathing a lot (i.e. exercise)

Dorsal Respiratory Group

Changes breathing a little bit (i.e. standing up/walking to bathroom)

Respiratory acidosis

Blocked breathing tube

Respiratory alkalosis

Hyperventilation

LUNG DISEASES

1. LUNG CANCER
2. TUBERCULOSIS
3. CYSTIC FIBROSIS
4. COPD

1. leading cause of death both men & women north america
2. caused by bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis
3. abnormal mucus clogs - most common lethal genetic disease
4. hard to maintain adequate ventilation

2 MAJOR TYPES OF COPD (inability to force air out of lungs)

**major cause of disability and death in North America

1. EMPHYSEMA (PINK PUFFERS)
2. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS (BLUE BOATERS)

***CLINCIAL TERMS - BONUS QUESTIONS ***

EPISTAXIS

- NOSE BLEED

NASAL POLYPS

mushroom liked benign growths of the nasal mucosa cause by infections

**some are unknown - may block air flow

PNEUMONIA

INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATION OF LUNGS IN WHICH FLUID ACCUMULATES IN THE AVEOLI

**8TH MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN US

** MORE THAN 50 VARIETIES OF PNEUMONIA ARE VIRAL OR BACTERIA

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)

SUDDEN DEATH OF APPARENT HEALTHY INFANT DURING SLEEP

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

ANEURISM IN YOUR LUNGS

SYMPTOMS - CHEST PAIN, PRODUCTIVE BLOODY COUGH, TACHYCARDIA, RAPID SHALLOW BREATHING

CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING

PERIODS WITH OUT BREATHING - ABOUT TO DIE

TRACHEOTOMY

SURGICAL OPENING OF THE TRACHEA

STUTTERING

PROBLEM WITH VOICE PRODUCTION WHICH FIRST SYLLABLE IS REPEATED