Pharmacology is:

the study of medications and their actions, including drug origins, properties and usage.

Drug is defined as:

a substance used as medicine for the dianosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease or condition.

Contraindictions are:

a list of circumstances or medical condtitions under which the medication should not be used.

An agonist is:

a drug that stimulates or prolongs the response of a drug or a physiologic action

An antagonist:

binds to the agonist's receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding there and causing its desired effect.

The prefix that designates 1000 times in the metric system is:

Kilo

The basic unit of measure for weight in the metric system is the:

gram

The number of milliliters in an ounce is:

30 ml

The number of milliters in a cup is:

240 ml

Medication used to relieve pain is a/an:

analgesic

A drug for high potential additiona and abuse is a/an:

controlled substance

Anesthesia produced by marked cooling is:

Cryoansethesia

An example of a type of drug used to prevent disease is a/an:

vaccine

The route of administration that produces the most immediate action is:

IV

Saying that a drug is to be given hs means that:

it should be taken at bedtime

The needle gauge most appropriate for local infiltration is:

25 gauge

A contrast medium used when performing a cholangiogram is:

diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque)

Amnesia is:

lack of recall

Anaphylaxis is:

immediate manifestation of a hypersensitivity to a specific substance, usually resulting in respiratory distress and vascular collapse

Anesthesia is:

lack of sensation

Antagonist is:

a drug that blocks the action of another drug or physiologic action without producing any effect of its own

Antimuscarinic means:

(formerly known as anticholinergic) agents that block cholinergic (parasympathetic) effects, such as salivation and bradycardia

Aspiration as applies to anethesia means:

inadvertent inhalation of gastric contents or a foreign body into the lungs

Biotechnology is:

source of drugs that are genetically engineered in the laboratory; also referred to as recombinant DNA technology

Buccal

refers to the cheek; buccal medication administration is considered topical; the medication is placed between the cheek and the teeth and allowed to dissolve and/or be absorbed

Capnography

system for monitoring the exhaled amount of carbon dioxide

Contraindication:

a reason why a specific procedure or drug may be undesirable or improper in a particular situation

Doppler

ultrasonic device used to identify and assess vascular status of peripheral arteries and veins by magnifying the sound of the blood moving through the vessel

Drug:

13. a substance used as medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention (prophylaxis) of disease or a condition

Generic:

14. nonproprietary name for a drug that is a shortened version of the chemical name or gives a reference to the intended use

Homeostasis

stable physiologic state

Hypnosis

altered state of consciousness in relation to the patient’s perception of the surgical environment and surgical procedure

Iatrogenic

an unavoidable effect or disease induced by pharmacologic therapy

Indication

a reason to perform a specific procedure or prescribe a certain drug

Induction:

The second stage of anesthesia in which the patient is given induction drugs and intubated. The patient's level of consciousness changes from alert to unconscious; reflexes are depressed.

Intra-articular

within a joint

Larynogospasm

22. sudden, involuntary contraction of the larynx that is capable of causing partial or total occlusion of the larynx

Intrathecal

within the subdural space

NPO

nothing by mouth(Latin – nil per os)

PACU

post anesthesia care unit

Parenteral

other than enteral, by injection

Pharmacodynamics

term describing the interaction of drug molecules with the target cells; the resulting action is biochemical and physiologic

Pharmacokinetics

term used to describe the entire process of the drug’s activity within the body; the process of pharmacokinesis involves absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion

Pharmacology

the study of drugs and their actions

Prophylaxis

prevention of disease or a condition

Synergist

action of one agent increase the action of the other agent when delivered together

Topical

applied to the skin or mucous membrane to provide a localized or systemic effect

Volatile Agents

group of liquids whose potent evaporative vapors, when inhaled, produce general anesthesia by depressing the CNS

C

Celcius

m

Meter, micrometer, or minim

kg

Kilogram

L

liter

mL

microliter

F

Fahrenheit

mm

millimeter

mg

milligram

g

gram

ung

microgram

lb

pound

mcg

microgram

oz

ounce

cm

centimeter

mEq

milliequivalen

cc

cubic centimeter

IV

Intravenous

PO

by mouth

IM

intramuscular

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

UTI

urinary tract infection

PONV

by mouth, nausea and vomiting

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

ARDS

adult respiratory distress syndrome

LMA

laryngeal mask airway

ETT

endotracheal tube

SARA

system for anesthetic and respiratory analysis

ABG

arterial blood gas

PT

prothrombin time

PTT

partial thromboplastin time

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CNS

central nervous system

USP

United States Pharmacopeia

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

BIS

bispectral index monitor

1 m

36.37 inches

1 inch

2.54 cm

1 mL

1 cc

2 oz

60 cc

1 gram

1000 mg

1 kg

2.2 lbs

1 cc

14-15 minims

1 L

1000 cc

Boiling Point 212 degrees F

100 degrees C

1 minim

1 gtt

1 oz

30 cc

98.6 degrees F

37 degrees C

100 mL

100 cc

1 meter

1000 cm

analgesic

relieves pain

anesthetic

produces partial or complete loss of sensation

antibiotic

prevents or treats infections

anticholinergic

blocks parasympathetic impulses

anticoagulant

prevents clots or thrombus formations

antiemetic

prevents or treats nausea and vomiting

anti-inflammatory

prevents or treats pain, redness, swelling or heat

antipyretic

relieves fever

controlled substance

drugs with the potential for addiction

contrast media

appears radio paque on an x-ray

cycloplegic

paralyzes the ciliary muscle of the eye

diuretic

increases urine output or edema

dye

colors or marks tissue

fibrinolytic

dissolves clots or thrombus - enzyme

hemostatic

enhances formation of clot or thrombus

hormone

secretion of endrocrine gland

miotic

constricts pupil

mydriatic

dialates pupil

sedative

reduces mental anxiety and promotes sleep

vasocontrictor

increases blood pressure

lidocaine

antiarrhythmia and anesthetic

dantrolene

treatment for MH

epinephrine

hormone vasoconstrictor

benzodiazepines

preoperative sedative

atropine

anticholinergic - drecreases musoucs secretions or treats bradycardia

nitrous oxide

gas anesthetic may increase ear pressure

heparin

anticoagulant use for vascular cases

thrombin

hemostatic agent never given IV

mannitol

osmotic diuretic

Bacitracin

antibiotic

adrenaline/epinephrine

Adrenergic/hormone/vasoconstrictor

Ancef/Cefazolin sodium

Antibiotic/cephalosporin

Anectine/Succinylcholine chloride

Neuromuscular blockage agent; depolarizing muscle relaxer

Benadryl/Diphenhydramine

Antihistamine

Coumadin/Warfarin sodium

Anticoagulant

Dantrium/Dantrolene sodium

MH (malignant hyperthermia) antagonist

Decadron/Dexamethasone

Anti-inflammatory/steroid

Demerol/Meperidine hcl

Analgesic/narcotic analgesic

Flagyl/Metronidazole

Antifungal/amebicide/antiprotozoal

Gelfoam/Absorbable hemostatic gelatin

Hemostatic agent

Heparin/Heparin sodium

Anticoagulant

Humulin/Insulin, human

hormone

Kantrex/Kanamycin sulfate

antibiotic

Lasix/Furosemide

Diuretic

Lidocaine/Xylocaine hydrochloride

Anti-arrythmic/anesthetic

Marcaine/Bupivicaine hcl

Anesthetic/amide nerve blockade

Narcan/Naloxone hydrochloride

Narcotic antagonist

Papverine/Papaverine hydrochloride

Vasopressor/vasodilator

Pitocin/Oxytocin

Hormone

Renografin

Contrast media

Silvadene/Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-infective/sulfonamide

Sodium pentothal/Thiopental sodium

Anesthetic/induction agent

Solu-cortef/Hydrocortisone sodium succinate

Steroid anti-inflammatory

Sublimaze/Fentanyl citrate

Narcotic analgesic

Surgical/Oxycel/Oxidized cellulose

Hemostatic agent

Tagamet/Cimetidine

Antacid/histamine blocker

Toradol/Ketoralac tromethamine

Nonnarcotic analgesic

Tracrium/Atracurium besylate

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxer or neuromuscular blockage agent

Valium/Diazepam

Sedative tranquilizer/ benzodiazepine

Versed/Midazolam hydrochloride

Sedative tranquilizer/benzodiazepine

Wydase/Hyaluronidase

Enzyme/anesthesia additive