This is a structure of a long bone that stores energy.

Marrow

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

Epiphysis

This is the shaft of a long bone.

Diaphysis

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint.

Articular cartilage

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length.

Epiphyseal plate

This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.

Metaphysis

This is a lining found in bone that promotes bone growth in width

Periosteum

Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized.

Osteogenic, Osteoblast, Osteocytes

These are considered bone-building cells.

Osteoblasts

These are considered bone-dissolving cells.

Osteoclast

Which of the following structures contains osteocytes?

Lacunae

These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.

Canaliculi

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along

Lines of stress

Bone remodeling does NOT

Affect compact bone tissue but does affect spongy bone tissue

The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is

4% per year

Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?

Magnesium

The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:

Resting, Proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

Enzymes

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually seen in children.

Greenstick

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

Tibia

Bone reduction...

Can be open or closed

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

Parathyroid

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

Calcitonin and Calcitriol

The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called

Orthodpedics

How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?

206

Which of the following is not true?

The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles

Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?

Carpals

Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?

Sphenoid

Which type of bone is the femur?

Long Bone

Which type of bone is the occipital?

Flat Bone

This is a bone located within ankles or wrists.

Short Bone

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone.

They provide movement within the bone

Bones in the following area protect the brain.

Cranium

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

Parietal

Which is not true of the skull bones?

The skull contains foraminas but no fissures

Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?

Occipital

These bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.

Temporal

These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible

Temporal

The mastoid process....

Is the point of attachment for several neck muscles

These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

Occipital condyles

Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?

Sphenoid

This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.

Ethmoid

The facial bone articulates with teeth.

Maxillae

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

Occipital

Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid

Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?

Strangulation

What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?

To absorb vertical shock

Primary curves of the vertebrae include

Thoracic curve, Sacral curve, Lumbar curve, and Cervical curve

The function of vertebral processes is

Attachment site for muscles

What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?

Odontoid Process

Of the following, which is the largest individual vertebrae?

L4

These are the inferior articular processes of the fifth sacral vertebrae.

Sacral cornua

Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiority?

Females

What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

Sternal angle

What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?

Costochondritis

This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.

Clavicle

This bone’s shape comes from the medial half of the bone being convex anteriorly and the lateral half is concave anteriorly.

Clavicle

Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?

Sacrum

This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

Sternal extremity

Why is the clavicle one of the most broken bones in the human body?

Due to weakness of the junction of the curves

Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae?

Scapula

What is found in the glenoid cavity?

Humerus

This is the edge of the scapula closest to the humerus

Axillary border

Which is more superior om the scapula?

Acromion

Which of the following is found anteriorly on the scapula?

Subscapular fossa

What is the scapular notch used for?

Passageway for a nerve

Which of the following is fully visible with the scapula in a lateral orientation

Coracoid process, Glenoid cavity, and the Acromion

Which of the following is true?

There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges

The glenohumeral joint includes:

The humerus and scapula

The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:

Epiphyseal line

The lesser tubercle of the humerus:

Projects anteriorly

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found:

At the midpoint of the shaft

The capitulum:

Articulates with the head of the radius, and is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus

This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna.

Trochlea

The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for

Tendon attachment

Which is the longer bone?

Ulna

Which is found in the elbow?

Olcecranon

Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?

Trochlear notch

The ulna and radius connect with each other at how many points?

3

What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius?

Joint the shafts of both bones, and tendon attachment

This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch.

Radical notch

The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist?

3

How are the carpal bones arranged?

2 transverse rows of 4

Which of the following carpal bones is found most distally?

Hamate

Which is included in the carpal tunnel?

Deep fascia, Trapezium, and Pisiform

The carpometacarpal joint consists of:

Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone

How many phalanges in each hand?

14

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Support for vertebral column, and attachment site for lower limbs

Which of the following hipbones is superior?

Ilium

The auricular surface

Articulates with the sacrum

This is the largest foramen in the skeleton

Obturator foramen

This extends superiorly and laterally along the superior ramus to merge with the arcuate line of the ilium.

Ischial tuberosity

The hip joint is comprised of the

Femur, and Acetabulum

This is bordered by the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, the upper portion of the hip bones laterally and the abdominal wall anteriorly.

False pelvis, and Greater pelvis

The pelvic inlet

Is the superior opening of the pelvic cavity

The female pelvis is

Wider, shallower, larger in the pelvic inlet, and larger in the pelvic outlet

Each lower limb has

30 bones in 4 locations

The shaft of the femur is slightly angled

Medially

Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles?

Gluteal tuberosity, and Linea aspera

Which is found medially?

Lesser trochanter

This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

Patella

The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?

Articular facets

The tibiofemoral joint includes

Femur condyles, and Condyles of the tibia

The shin is also known as the

Anterior border

Which is not found in the foot?

Pollex

Which is not a tarsal bone?

Capitate

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

Fibula

This type of joint is held together by a fibrous connective tissue.

Fibrous Joint

This type of joint lacks a synovial cavity.

Fibrous, and Cartilaginous

This type of joint is freely movable.

Diarthrosis

This is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue.

Suture

How is a suture joint classified functionally?

Synarthrosis

In this type of fibrous joint, the connective tissue is arranged either as a bundle or as a sheet.

Syndesmoses

Another term for this joint is dentoalveolar joint.

Gomphoses

Which of the following can be classified as synarthrosis joints?

Suture, Synchondrosis, and Gomphosis

An example of this type of joint is the epiphyseal plate.

Synchondrosis

The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as

Synchondrosis, Synarthrosis, and Cartilaginous joint

Where do symphyses occur?

Axial skeleton

Synovial joints do NOT

include elastic cartilage

Which of the following is made from dense regular connective tissue?

Ligaments

Examples of these include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint

Extracapsular ligaments

Another term for menisci are

Articular discs

Articular discs...

Maintain the stability of a joint, and direct flow of the synovial fluid

This is used to reduce friction in joints

Bursae, and Synovial fluid

Which of the following is not used to reduce friction at joints?

Menisci

This type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another.

Gliding

This is a type of movement where there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones.

Flexion

Bending the trunk forward at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular movement?

Flexion

Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?

Sagittal

Examples of this type of movement include moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint.

Abduction

This type of movement is a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

Circumduction

Which of the following is not considered a special movement?

Depression, Protraction, Elevation, and Supination

Which of the following bones can NOT be elevated or depressed?

Maxilla

What type of movement can be seen in your clavicles at your acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints by crossing your arms?

Protraction

This special movement occurs when you stand on your heels.

Dorsiflexion

Which of the following is not a structural category of synovial joint?

Inversion

In this type of joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.

Pivot joint

A condyloid joint...

Is also called ellipsoidal, is biaxial, can have flexion--externsion or abduction, and found in the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints for the second through fifth digits

This refers to the range through which the bones of a joint can be moved

Range of motion

Which of the following is not a factor in affecting range of motion?

Mineral homeostasis