What does hemoglobin do in the body?

• Hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains each containing a heme group with an iron atom that binds to oxygen in the lungs.
• From the lungs hemoglobin transports oxygen to the tissues of the body where it is used to provide energy.
• Once the oxygen is released, hemoglobin binds to carbon dioxide for transport to the lungs where it is released

What does hemoglobin do in the body? (simple answer)

• Hemoglobin transports oxygen to the tissues of the body and transports carbon dioxide to the lungs

Why does aspirin relieve headaches?

• When a part of the body is injured, substances called prostaglandins are produced, which cause inflammation and pain
• Aspirins acts to block the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation, pain, and fever.

Chemistry

• the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter
• happens all around you every day

Matter

• all the substances that make up the world
• EXAMPLES:
  • antacid
  • water
  • glass
  • air

Examples of a Chemical Reaction

• tarnishing of silver
• antacid fizzing when dropped into water
• digesting food breaking it down into substances you need for energy and health

Chemicals

• substances that always have the same composition and properties wherever it is found
• EXAMPLES:
  • shampoo contains chemicals that remove the oil from hair
  • chemicals in toothpaste clean your teeth
  • chemicals in lotion help to moisturize skin

Antioxidants

• chemicals added to food to prevent it from spoiling

Calcium carbonate

• used as an abrasive to remove plaque

Sorbitol

• prevents loss of water and hardening of toothpaste

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

• used to loosen plaque

Titanium Dioxide

• makes toothpaste white and opaque

Triclosan

• inhibits bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease

Sodium Fluorophosphate

• prevents formation of cavities by strengthening tooth enamel with fluoride

Methyl Salicylate

• gives toothpaste a pleasant wintergreen flavor

Which of the following contains chemicals?

A. sunlight

B. fruit

C. milk

D. breakfast cereal

B,C,D

• sunlight is an energy given off by the sun therefore does not contains chemicals

Scientific Method

• a set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks
  1. Observations
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiments
  4. Conclusion

Observations

• first step in scientific method
• information determined by noting and recording a natural phenomenon
• make observations about nature and ask questions about you observe

Hypothesis

• second step in scientific method
• propose a hypothesis
• which states a possible explanation of the observations
• should be stated in a way that it can be tested by experiments

Experiments

• a procedure that tests the validity of a hypothesis
• several experiments may be done to test the hypothesis

Conclusion

• an explanation of an observation that has been validated by repeated experiments that support a hypothesis
• done when the experiments are analyzed
• conclusion is made as to whether the hypothesis is true or false

Ones Place (place value)

• first place to the left of the decimal point

Tens Place (place value)

• second place to the left of the decimal point

Tenths Place (place value)

• first place to the right of the decimal point

Hundredths Place (place value)

• second place to the right of the decimal point

Graph

• represents the relationship between two variables
• contains to perpendicular axes
• has a horizontal axis/ x axis
• has a vertical axis/ y axis

Positive Number

• any number that is greater than zero and has a positive (+) sign

Negative Number

• any number that is less than zero and is written with e negative (-) sign

Multiplication and Division of Positive and Negative Numbers

• when two positive or two negative number are multiplied or divided, the answer is positive
• when a positive and a negative number are multiplied or divided, the answer is negative

Addition of Positive and Negative Numbers

• when two positive numbers are added ,the answer is positive
• when two negative numbers are added, the answer is negative
• when a positive and a negative are added, the smaller number is subtracted from the larger number and the result has the same sign as the larger number

Subtraction of Positive and Negative Numbers

• when two numbers are subtracted change the sign of the number to be subtracted

Calculating a Percentage

• divide the parts by the total (whole) and multiply by 100

Solving Equations

1. place all like items on one side
2. isolate the variable we need to solve for
3. check your answer by substituting your value for x back into the original equations

Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation

• number has two parts
  1. coefficient
     • has to be at least 1 but less than 10
  2. power of 10
• EXAMPLE:
  • 2400 in scientific notation
  • 2.4 x 10^3

Scientific Notation on Calculator

Scientific Notation

• a form of writing large and small numbers using a coefficient that is at least 1 but less then 10 followed by a power of 10