Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate

Protein

Protein

Lipid

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid Location

In the nucleus of every cell

Nucleic Acid (Nucleotide Structure)

Made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Protein Monomer

Amino Acid

Protein Function

Enables muscular movement, forms your hair and fingernails, carries oxygen in your blood, controls brain signaling, helps you digest food, helps copy genes, defends your body against bacteria and viruses, and transmits signals into and out of cells.

Protein Types

Muscle, Structural, Transport, Signaling, Enzymes, Cellular Construction Workers (cell growth), Antibodies (Defensive), and Cellular Messengers

Foods Containing Protein

Eggs, Milk, Yogurt, Dairy, Fish/Seafood, Soy, Nuts, Pork, and Chicken/Turkey.

Carbohydrate Types

Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose), Disaccharides (Sucrose and Lactose) , and Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose).

Carbohydrate Monomer

Monosaccharide

Lipid Characteristics

A.K.A. fats, oils, and waxes and fat-soluble (hydrophobic or "water-fearing"), meaning that they CANNOT dissolve in water

Lipid Monomer

Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains

Lipid Types

Triglyceride, Steroid (Cholesterol), and Phospholipid

Lipid Function

Long-term energy storage, hormones which initiate specific chemical reactions, and form the cellular membrane

Carbohydrate Essential Elements

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Protein Essential Elements

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur

Lipid Essential Elements

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Nucleic Acid Essential Elements

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Phosphorous

Nucleic Acid Function

Pass down genes from generation to generation

Nucleic Acid Monomer

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acid Types

RNA (Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine) and DNA (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine)

Protein Structure

Includes amino acids connected into long polymers called polypeptide chains.

Levels of Structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

Protein Location

Hair and Fingernails, Blood, Brain and Nerve Cells, Saliva, Stomach, Small Intestine, Cells, Muscle, and Stud the Surface of Your Cells (Cell Membrane)

Foods Containing Carbohydrates

Pasta, Bread, Cookies, Cereal, Candy, Crackers, Fruits, Vegetables, Table Sugar, Milk, Dairy, and Grains.

Carbohydrate Functions

**Provides short-term, quick energy.

-Starch = storage form of energy in plants
-Glycogen = storage form of energy in humans and animals
-Cellulose = provides dietary fiber for human and animals; structural support for plant cells

Carbohydrate Structure

5- to 6-carbon rings with CHO side groups (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)

Foods Containing Lipids

butter, margarine, olive oil, dairy, meats, and greasy/fried foods.

Lipid Structure

Saturated (straight and have single bonds) and Unsaturated (bent and have double bonds)

Lipid Location

Human and Animal Tissue, Cellular Membrane, Digestive System, and Endocrine System