Gross Anatomy

the study of body structures visible to the naked eye

Anatomical position

body is erect, with feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

Axial Skeleton

relating to the head, neck, and trunk of body.
the axis of the body

Appendicular Skeleton

limbs and their attachments to the axis

Acromial

point of the shoulder

Antebrachial

forearm

Axillary

armpit

Buccal

cheek

Carpal

wrist

Coxal

hip

Crural

leg

Digital

fingers/toes

Femoral

thigh

Fibular

side of the leg

Frontal

forehead

Hallux

great toe

Inguinal

groin

Mammary

breast region

Manus

hand

Mental

chin

Orbital

bony eye socket

Patellar

anterior kneecap

Pedal

foot

Pollex

Thumb

Pubic

genital region

Sternal

breast bone

Tarsal

ankle

Calcaneal

heel of the foot

Dorsum

back

Gluteal

buttocks

Lumbar

the loin

Occipital

back of the head/ skull

Olecranal

posterior elbow

Otic

ear

Perineal

between anus and external genitalia

Plantar

sole of foot

Popliteal

back of knee

Sacral

region between hips

Scapular

shoulder blade

Sural

calf

superior/inferior

above/below

Anterior/Posterior

front/back

Medial/Lateral

toward the midline/ away from the midline

Cranial/Caudal

toward the head/ toward the tail

Dorsal/Ventral

backside/bellyside

Proximal/Distal

nearer the trunk/farther from the trunk

Superficial/Deep

towards the surface/away from the surface

Sagittal Plane

runs longitudinally and divides into right and left sides

Frontal Plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse Plane

runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior

Dorsal body cavity

1.Cranial cavity
2.Vertebral (spinal) cavity

Ventral body cavity

-thoracic cavity
-abdominopelvic cavity

Serous Membrane

double layered membranes covering the outer surface of organs

Parietal

lines the cavity walls

Visceral

covers the external surface of the organs

Peritoneum

covers the abdominal cavity and its organs

Pleura

covers the lungs

Pericardium

covers the heart

Abdominopelvic quadrants (4)

-right upper
-right lower
-left upper
-left lower

Abdominopelvic regions (9)

-umbilical
-epigastric
-hypogastric
-left iliac
-right iliac
-left lumbar
-right lumbar
-left hypochondriac
-right hypochondriac