Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is affected by:

blood pressure, blood volume,
resistance and activity level.

Which of the following factors would most directly affect blood flow through the
circulatory system?
A. blood pressure
B. blood sugar
C. respiratory rate
D. outside temperature

A. Blood pressure

Materials can move across capillary walls by

Diffusion and osmosis.
Active transport and bulk transport.
(A&B only)

What things affect vascular resistance

length of the blood vessel (l), radius of the blood vessel (r), and the viscosity of the blood (η)

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries, the

pressure increases

Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow

vessel length

Which of the following factors is most likely to result in an increase in blood pressure?

decreased blood flow to the kidneys

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the?

arterioles dialate

Blood pressure is determined by measuring the

Force exerted by blood in a vessel against air in a closed cuff.

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
A) cardiac output
B) peripheral resistance
C) emotional state
D) blood volume

emotional state

The blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the

concentration of plasma proteins

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space

The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.1

Will result in increase blood flow to a tissue

increased vessel diameter, increased blood pressure, decreased peripheral resistance, relaxation of precapillary sphincters

Will lead to a increase in blood pressure

incr levels of ADH
incr levels of angiotensin II
incr alosterone
incr blood volume

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors result in increased activity by the ____ nervous system

parasympathetic

what happens to venous return during excersice

increases

What happens to cardiac output and stoke volume during increased excercise

both cardiac output and stroke volume increase

In response to hemmorage there is

mobilization of the venous reserve

Symptoms of shock include all of the following, except

profuse sweating

Homeostatic mechanisms can compensate for circulatory shock during the ___ stage.

compensated

Seperates the tunica media and the tunica externa

external elastic membrane

Diffusion occurs between blood and interstitial fluid in which of the following vessels?

capillaries

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

Which vessel is known as a resistant vessel?

arteriolar

May result from the abdominal aorta being clamped too long during a surgical procedure.

loss of urinary function

can result from an aneurysm in the brain?

stroke

You are caring for five patients on the central nursing unit. Which of your five patients is at greatest risk for a myocardial infarction?

35-year-old white male who smokes 2 packs per day for 20 years

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

coronary atery disease
hypertension

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial system.

reduces; increases

Under normal cardiovascular circumstances, blood flow is ________ cardiac output.

equal to

Affect blood flow through the body

a) resistance
b) turbulence
c) blood viscosity
d) vessel diameter

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

the pancreas

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include all of the following, except

A family history of low blood pressure.

What type of vessel would have a greater resistance

a vessel with a diameter less then 1 mm

How would increased sympathetic stimulation of a blood vessel affect the critical closing pressure of the vessel?

it would increase

Affect aortic regurgitation has on pulse pressure

increase

Which of the following would be most likely to have the highest pulse pressure?

an individual with aortic regurgitation

Edema would likely occur when

the heart is an insufficient pump

In which of the following would the rate of blood flow be greatest, assuming the same pressure?
A) a vessel 10 microns in diameter
B) a vessel 1 mm in diameter
C) a vessel 1 cm in diameter

A

Which of the following will cause a decrease in blood pressure?
A) increased levels of aldosterone
B) increased levels of angiotensin II
C) increased blood volume
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: D

D

The goal of cardiovascular of cardiovascular regulation is to ensure

that blood flow changes occur
A. at an appropriate time
B. in the right area
C. without drastically changing blood pressure and blood flow to vital organs

Continous capillaries

(i.e.muscle, fat, nervous tissue)
have no transcellular perforations
cells are joined by tight nonpermeable junctions.

Fenestrated capillaries are found in endocrine glands, intestinal villi and kidney glomeruli and are more permeable than continuous capillaries.

have intracellular perforations called fenestrae
found in endocrine glands, intestinal villi

Fenstrated capillaries are more

permeable than continous capillaries

The most common capillaries

Continuous

Arteries

carry oxygen rich blood back to the heart

Capillaries

connect arteries and veins
Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and waste products to pass to and from the tissue cells.

Veins

take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

When renin is released from the juxtaglomerular cells angiotensinogen is converted into

angiotensin I

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continous

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

return blood to the heart

veins

collect blood from capillaries

venules

smallest branches of arteries

arterioles

carry blood away from the heart

ateries

diffusion between blood and interstitial fluid takes places

capillaries

carries blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation

aorta

carries blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation

pulmonary trunk

walls of arteries are __than the walls of veins

thicker

___ have small, round lumen; ___ have large, flat lumen

artery; veins

the lining of a _____ can contract

vein

arteries are ___ elastic than veins

more elastic

____ contain valves that prevent backflow of blood

veins