The pharynx is the cavity behind the mouth extending from the ______ _______ to the ______.

nasal cavity, larynx

The portion of the larnyx concerned with preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea are the

epiglottis

The smallest of the branchial tree are the _________ __________.

terminal bronchioles

Expansion of the lungs during inspiration is assisted by the surface tension of fluid in the ________ cavity.

pleural

The pressure in the thoracic cavity during inspiration is

less than atmospheric pressure

Normal breathing is controlled by the respiratory center located in the ______ ______.

brain stem

The strongest stimulus to increase respiratory rate and depth is to increase the blood concentration of _______ ________.

carbon dioxide

The rate at which a gas diffuses from one area to another is determined by differences in _______ in the two areas.

pressures

The pressure of each gas within a mixture is known as its _______ _______.

parietal pressure

Oxygen is transported to cells by combining with _________.

hemoglobin

The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported

as bicarbonate

The trachea is prevented from collapsing by the presence of ________ _______ that are C-shaped.

adventita tissue

The right lung has _______ lobes and the left lung has ______ lobes.

three, two

food convert to ATP

cellular respiration

internal nose to pharynx

internal nares

separate nasal cavities

nasal septum

sense of smell

olfactory stimuli

another name for auditory tubes

eustachian tubes

passage for food and air

oropharynx

single piece in the larynx

cricoid cartilage

Adam's apple

thyroid cartilage

leaf shaped cartilage

epiglottis

paired, cone-shaped

corniculate cartilage

false vocal cords

vestibular folds

true vocal cords

vocal folds

primary bronchi divide into

lobar bronchi

segmental bronchi

tertiary bronchi

enclose and protect the lungs

pleural membrane

space between the membranes

pleural cavity

gases diffuse through it

respiratory membrane

exchange gas between blood cells

internal respiration

cavities inside the nostrils

vestibules

affects the secretion cells of the lungs

cystic fibrosis

The pleural membrane covering the wall of the cavity is the _______, and the membrane covering the lungs is the is the _________.

parietal, visceral

The air sacs where gas exchange takes place are the _________.

alveoli

Movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs is called

ventilation

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and

cells

________ _________ affects the secretory cells of the lungs

cystic fibrosis

any infection in the lungs is known as __________

pneumonia

whooping cough is also known as

pertussis

the disease caused by excessive exposure to asbestos, silica, or coal dust is

pulmonary fibrosis

bronchitis causes a swelling of the

bronchial membrane

a gas that interferes with oxygen transport by forming a stable bond with hemoglobin is

carbon monoxide

There are two systems responsible for supplying oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide; they are the ________ and the _______ systems.

circulatory, respiratory

the bridge of the nose is formed by the _______ bones

nasal

the underside of the external nose has two openings called

nostrils

posteriorly, the internal nose connects with the

pharynx

the nasal septum divides the left and right

nasal cavities

the interior structures of the nose have _______ functions

three

olfactory receptors are located in the membrane of the _______ meatus

inferior

the adenoid tonsils are located in the posterior wall of the

nasopharynx

the opening of the oropharynx is called the

fauces

the voice box is the

larynx

the epiglottis forms a lid over the

glottis (laryngeal inlet)

the false vocal cords are the

vestibular folds

the paired rod shaped cartilage structures of the larynx are the

cuneiform

the goblet cells of the trachea produce

mucus

there are 16 to 20 incomplete rings of ________ cartilage in the trachea

hyaline

cone shaped cartilage

corniculate

alveolar ducts

atria

many small compartments

lobules

breathing muscle

diaphragm

segmental bronchi

tertiary

lung infection

pneumonia

prevents collapse of alveoli

surfactant

tubes from the trachea to the lungs

bronchi

destruction of alveoli walls

emphysema

anterior nasal cavities

vestibules

cartilages of the larynx

cricoid

pharynx

throat

air sacs

alveoli

space between vocal cords

glottis

exchange of gases

inspiration

external nares

nostrils

windpipe

trachea

pleuritis

pleurisy

ladle-shaped cartilage

arytenoid

whooping cough

pertussis