The animal phylum like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is

Proifera

Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi?

Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic

A graduate student finds an organism in a pond & thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A postdoctoral student thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus?

Looks for a cell wall under a microscope

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

Composed of hyphae
Referred to as a mycelium
Usually underground

Fossil fungi date back to the origin & early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental & morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?

Colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

By convergent evolution

Lichens are symbolic associations of fungi and

Cyanobacteria
Green algae

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

Heterotrophic

Among the organisms listed here, which are though to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Animals

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animal derive their nutrition by

Ingesting it

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?

Nervous conduction and muscular movement

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

Flagellated protest

Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of

Adaptive radiation

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?

Bilaterians
Deuterostomes
Vertebrates
Tetrapods
Amniotes

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that

Arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates

What distinguished a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

Have a body cavity completely lines by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

True tissues or no tissues

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

Hypothetical; portrayals of evolutionary relationships

According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is

Monophyletic

The distinctions between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

True tissues

Which characteristic(s) is (are) shared by both cnidarians and flatworms

A digestive system with a single opening

Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?

Hydrostatic skeleton

What would be the most effective method of reducing the method of blood flukes in a human population?

Reduce the freshwater snail population

Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by

Eating undercooked pork

The heart worms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom , an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong

Nematoda

Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum arthropod is unique in possessing members that have

Wings

What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?

The radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Suspension-feeding devices

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

Lancelets

What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?

Partial or complete skulls

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

Chondrichthyans

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

They have a lateral line that is sensitive to changes in water pressure

Which of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade?

Tetrapods

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapod’s was

Feet with digits

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment

Which year is known as the “age of reptiles”?

Mesozoic

At the end of which period did most dinosaurs and pterosaurs become extinct?

Crustaceous

Which of the following are only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Birds

Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?

Ray-finned fish

Which of the following species is currently thought to have coexisted (at the same time & place) with H. Neanderthalensis?

H. Sapiens

Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?

Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times throughout hominin evolution