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Exam 3

front 1

The animal phylum like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is

back 1

Proifera

front 2

Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi?

back 2

Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic

front 3

A graduate student finds an organism in a pond & thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A postdoctoral student thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus?

back 3

Looks for a cell wall under a microscope

front 4

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

back 4

Composed of hyphae
Referred to as a mycelium
Usually underground

front 5

Fossil fungi date back to the origin & early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental & morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?

back 5

Colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells

front 6

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

back 6

By convergent evolution

front 7

Lichens are symbolic associations of fungi and

back 7

Cyanobacteria
Green algae

front 8

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

back 8

Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae

front 9

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

back 9

Heterotrophic

front 10

Among the organisms listed here, which are though to be the closest relatives of fungi?

back 10

Animals

front 11

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animal derive their nutrition by

back 11

Ingesting it

front 12

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?

back 12

Nervous conduction and muscular movement

front 13

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

back 13

Flagellated protest

front 14

Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of

back 14

Adaptive radiation

front 15

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?

back 15

Bilaterians
Deuterostomes
Vertebrates
Tetrapods
Amniotes

front 16

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that

back 16

Arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates

front 17

What distinguished a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

back 17

Have a body cavity completely lines by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not

front 18

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

back 18

True tissues or no tissues

front 19

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

back 19

Hypothetical; portrayals of evolutionary relationships

front 20

According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is

back 20

Monophyletic

front 21

The distinctions between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

back 21

True tissues

front 22

Which characteristic(s) is (are) shared by both cnidarians and flatworms

back 22

A digestive system with a single opening

front 23

Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?

back 23

Hydrostatic skeleton

front 24

What would be the most effective method of reducing the method of blood flukes in a human population?

back 24

Reduce the freshwater snail population

front 25

Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by

back 25

Eating undercooked pork

front 26

The heart worms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom , an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong

back 26

Nematoda

front 27

Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum arthropod is unique in possessing members that have

back 27

Wings

front 28

What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?

back 28

The radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages

front 29

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

back 29

Suspension-feeding devices

front 30

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

back 30

Lancelets

front 31

What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?

back 31

Partial or complete skulls

front 32

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

back 32

Chondrichthyans

front 33

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

back 33

They have a lateral line that is sensitive to changes in water pressure

front 34

Which of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade?

back 34

Tetrapods

front 35

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapod’s was

back 35

Feet with digits

front 36

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

back 36

It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment

front 37

Which year is known as the “age of reptiles”?

back 37

Mesozoic

front 38

At the end of which period did most dinosaurs and pterosaurs become extinct?

back 38

Crustaceous

front 39

Which of the following are only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

back 39

Birds

front 40

Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?

back 40

Ray-finned fish

front 41

Which of the following species is currently thought to have coexisted (at the same time & place) with H. Neanderthalensis?

back 41

H. Sapiens

front 42

Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?

back 42

Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times throughout hominin evolution