THESE INDIVIDUAL ARE AT A HIGHER RISK FOR ASPIRATION AND RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS DUE TO THEIR CHESTS BEING SMALL AND AIRWAYS BEING SHORTER

WHAT IS SOMETHING THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO HELP PREVENT ILLNESSES

INFANTS

VACCINATIONS

WHAT ARE SOME DIAGNOSTIC TESTS OF OXYGENATION

• CHEST XRAY
• CT CHEST
• CBC
• SPUTUM CULTURE
• BRONCHOSCOPY
• ABGS
• PULSE OXIMETRY
• ALLERGY TESTING
• PEAK FLOW MEASUREMENT

IF A PATIENT HAS A HARD TIME COUGHING UP SPUTUM, WHAT IS AN INTERVENTION USED TO HELP THIN MUCUS

INCREASING FLUIDS

THINGS TO REMEMBER FOR BRONCHOSCOPY

• VERIFY INFORMED CONSENT
• NPO REQUIRED
• AFTER PROCEDURE, GAG REFLEX IS PRIORITY!
• REVIEW SLIDE 8

S/S THAT IMBALANCE OF O2 IS DEVELOPING OR HAS DEVELOPED

• ASYMMETRICAL CHEST MOVEMENT
• NASAL FLARING
• BRADYPNEA OR TACHYPNEA
• CYANOSIS
• TACHYCARDIA
• DYSPNEA/SOB
• ORTHOPNEA
• INTERCOSTAL RETRACTIONS
• TRACHEAL DEVIATE
• CHANGE IN LOC/DEVIATION

ASTHMA ATTACKS ; USED AS RESCUE INHALERS

• EX. ALBUTEROL

SHORT ACTING INHALERS

MAINTENCE; PREVENTION

LONG ACTING INHALERS

WASH MOUTH AFTER USE TO PREVENT THRUSH

INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS

• Low-flow, most-used device
• Can deliver oxygen flows of 1 to 6 L/min
• May cause dryness of the nasal mucosa

NASAL CANNULA

• Low-flow device
• Flow rates of 5 to 10 L/min
• *Do not use for less than 5 L/min- may cause CO2 retention*

SIMPLE FACE MASK

• Low-flow, has a reservoir bag to collect exhaled air. Not commonly used.
• Flow rates of 10 to 15 L/min
• Ensure bag is inflated

PARTIAL REBREATHER

• Delivers highest concentration of oxygen via a low-flow mask
• Similar to partial rebreather mask but has valves between the bag and mask which prevents exhaled gas from entering the reservoir
• Flows must be at least 10 L/min
• Ensure bag is filled completely

NON REBREATHER MASK

• Continuous delivery of an air/oxygen mixture through a wide-bore nasal cannula
• Delivers flows from 30 L/min to 60 L/min and up to 100% oxygen
• Needs continuous O2 sat monitoring

HIGH-FLOW NASAL CANNULA

• High-flow, allows mask to control oxygen concentrations
• Ensure ports on side are always open

VENTURI MASK

• Used when traditional delivery devices do not work, such as facial trauma or surgery
• Flows 5-10 L/min

FACE TENT

• Clear plastic box or dome that provides humidified and warmed oxygen to a baby or child

OXY-HOOD

• Canopy placed over head and shoulders, or entire body to provide oxygen and humidification
• Avoid opening frequently

MIST TENT

REVIEW SLIDE 20

REVIEW!

WHAT IS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR DX'ING ASTHMA

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST

VOLUME OF AIR THAT IS EXHALED AFTER MAXIMUM INHALATION

FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)

VOLUME OF AIR EXHALED IN ONE BREATH

FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME (FEV)

WHAT WILL BE DECREASED IN ASTHMA PATIENTS DURING EXACERBATION DURING A PFT?

FVC AND FEV

• Measures highest airflow during expiration
• Should be done daily in those with moderate/severe asthma and as needed
• Measure “personal best” 2 to 3 weeks after optimal asthma treatment and compare future readings to best

PEAK FLOW MEASUREMENT

WHAT IS CONSIDERED THE DANGER ZONE FOR A PEAK FLOW MEASUREMENT

LESS THAN 60% OF PERSONAL BEST

REVIEW SLIDE 28

REVIEW!

REVIEW SLIDE 32

REVIEW

WHAT IS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR COPD?

PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS - DECREASED FVC AND FEV

WHAT ABGs WILL BE PRESENT IN PATIENTS W/ COPD

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

REVIEW SLIDES 47-49

REVIEW

GOLD STANDARD DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS

SWEAT CHLORIDE TEST

THIS MEDICATION IS USED TO TX CYSTIC FIBROSIS

• HELPS BREAK DOWN MUCUS

DORNASE ALFA

WHAT MUST BE ADMINISTERED WITH ALL MEALS AND SNACKS WITH PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS?

PANCREATIC ENZYME SUPPLEMENTS

• PANCRELIPASE

AFTER CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY, WHAT MUST BE DONE TO DRAIN MUCOUS?

POSTURAL DRAINIAGE - POSITION PATIENT ON OPPOSITE SIDE FROM WHERE THEY RECEIVED THE THERAPY