lymphatic and immune system

filters body fluid, attacks foreign substances

What is included in the lymphatic / immune system?

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils

lymph

clear fluid with white blood cell concentration, flows through lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to filter and transmit nutrients in lymph fluid and waste tissue back and forth between bloodstream, WBC destroy toxins in lymph fluid

muscular system

moves body and substances in it, maintains posture, produces heat

What is included in the muscular system?

cellular, muscular, smooth muscle

skeletal system

protects and supports body and organs

What is included in the skeletal system?

bones, teeth, and joints

mineralization

bones absorb calcium and phosphorus

What is included in the respiratory system?

nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, bronchus

conducting zone

nose to terminal bronchioles in lungs (filter, warm, and moisten air)

respiratory zone

bronchioles and alveoli (exchange O2 and CO2)

urinary / renal system

filters blood waste and expels as urine

What is included in the urinary / renal system?

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

reproductive system

produces, transports, sustains reproductive cells, nurtures offspring, produces sex hormones

What is in the female reproductive system?

vagina, ovaries, uterus that produce estrogen

What is in the male reproductive system?

penis, testes, prostate that produce testosterone

endocrine system

hormones influence growth, reproduction, and metabolism

What is included in the endocrine system?

testis, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, pancreas

intergumery system

external coverage, protects deeper tissues, regulates body temperature, absorbs and secretes substances

What is included in the intergumery system?

skin, hair, nails

toxicology

the effects of chemicals on the human body (e.g. alcohols, drugs, poisons, metals, gases)

lethal dose (LD)

the amount of a substance it takes to kill someone, different for each substance and individuals

forensic toxicology

identify how substances play a role in death that tests organic matter from blood tissues and living people

digestive system

breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs nutrients, dispels wastes

What is included in the digestive system?

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

hollow organs

esophagus and intestines (pass food through)

solid organs

pancreas and gallbladder (produce digestive enzymes)

physical digestion

mechanical action of breaking down food

chemical digestion

the enzymes and acids that break down food into smaller molecules

metabolism

the breakdown of substances into smaller new substances

metabolites

smaller molecules made from metabolism in cells / tissues in the body

What are metabolites used for in toxicology?

to tell what was digested since different medications are metabolized at different rates and reach the blood stream at different times

oral cavity

tongue, teeth, salivary glands

esophagus

muscular tube that transports food from the oral cavity to the stomach

stomach

contracts and uses acids and enzymes to break down food

small intestine

breaks down food, between stomach and large intestine

large intestine

wraps around small intestine and reabsorbs water and forms waste

forensic chemist

tests abiotic matter (pills, drugs)