cardiovascular system

transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste via the heart and blood vessels

heart

a muscular organ in the middle of the chest, center of the cardiovascular system, control flow of blood around the body

atria

upper chambers of the heart (A points upwards)

ventricles

lower chambers of the heart (V points downwards)

valves

stop backward flow of blood in the heart

tricuspid valve

right atrium to right ventricle in the heart

mitral valve

left atrium to left ventricle in the heart

pulmonary valve

right ventricle to pulmonary arteries in the heart

aortic valve

left ventricle to aorta in the heart

arteries

carry blood AWAY from the heart

pulmonary arteries

right ventricle to left and right lungs in the heart

aorta

left ventricle to body in the heart, largest artery, has brachiocephalic artery branches from its arch

veins

carry blood TO the heart

superior / inferior vena cava

body to right atrium of heart

pulmonary veins

lungs to left atrium of heart

systemic circulation

blood pumped around the body

pulmonary circulation

blood pumped around heart, oxygenates blood to send back out to body

What happens to deoxygenated blood?

superior/inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium goes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the right and left lungs

What happens to oxygenated blood?

the blood becomes oxygenated in the capillary beds of the lungs goes through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium goes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle goes through the aortic valve to the aorta with brachiocephalic artery branches leading out to the body

apex

the bottom part of the heart

coronary arteries

blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart

auricles

atrium extensions that look like ears

chordae tendinae

fibrous chords that connect to tricuspid and mitrial valves and papillary muscles, allow to open and close

papillary muscles

attached to chordae tendinae in ventricles and the cusps of tricuspid and mitral valves

left ventricle

thicker walls since pumps to the whole body

right ventricle

thinner walls since pumps to the lungs

right and left atrium

thinnest walls because only need to pump to next chamver

angina

causes chest pain because of reduced blood flow to the heart

atherosclerosis

plaque build up in artery walls

myocardial infarction

blood / O2 supply to heart reduced leads to tissue death in muscle

aortic valve stenosis (AS)

aortic valve narrows, blood flow obstructed

patent foramen ovale (PFO)

hole in heart walls from birth blood pressure

congenitive heart failure (CHF)

structural heart valve defects, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias), heart attack

cardiomegaly

enlarging of the heart

ventricular / atrial septal defect

hole in septum wall

subacute bacterial endocarditis

bacteria enters bloodstream, attacks valves

left ventricular hypertrophy

left ventricle walls thicken