Primitive functions, such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, metabolism, and respiratory airflow, are regulated by

Visceral Reflexes

The ____ system quietly manages a myriad of unconscious processes responsible for the body's homeostasis

Autonomic nervous

This function is among the most ___ of functions for animals to maintain healthy conditions for life

Basic

Many drug therapies are based on the ___ alteration of autonomic functions

Alterations

In autonomic motor pathways, the nerve signal must travel along ___ neurons to reach a target cell

Two

The first neuron emerges from the CNS and synapses with a second neuron in a ___ outside the CNS

Ganglion

The second neuron’s axons extend to the ____ from the ganglion

Target cell

The first neurons are called ____ and are myelinated

Preganglionic

The second neurons are called ____ and are unmyelinated

Postganglionic

Also known as the ____ division, the parasympathetic nervous system. Has axons exiting the CNS at the medulla oblongata

Crainosacral

Action potentials travel down the preganglionic nerve axons of the ____ , towards the effector organs

Vagus nerve

These impulses arrive at the cardiac plexus where secretion of acetylcholine creates an action potential in the ____ neuron

Postganglionic

The impulse arrives relatively quickly at the heart, as parasympathetic postganglionic axons are ____ compared sympathetic postganglionic axons

Short

Action potentials arriving at the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the heart cause ___ to be released

Acetylcholine

This parasympathetic neurotransmitter causes a ___ in heart rate and contractility

Decrease

Also known as the ___ division, the sympathetic nervous system exits the CNS via the spinal nerves from T1-L2

Thoracolumbar

Action potentials travel along the preganglionic axons and enter the ___

Sympathetic chain ganglion

Axons exiting the sympathetic chain ganglia take one of three routes: the spinal nerves route, the sympathetic nerve route, or the ___ nerve route

Splanchnic

Arriving at target cells, ____ axons release acetylcholine or norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft

Postganglionic

The effect of norepinephrine binding to ___ receptors stimulates cardiac muscle cells

Adrenergic

Which division of the nervous system has two neurons connecting the CNS to an effector?

Autonomic

When body temperature increases, thermoreceptors are stimulated and send nerve signals to the CNS. The CNS sends motor signals to sweat glands, which attempt to reduce body temperature. This is an example of a ____ reflex

Visceral

A malfunctioning visceral reflex can be the cause of a(n) ____ ,which can result in disorder and/or disease

Homeostatic imbalance

The ___ division of the ANS increases alertness. The ___ division has a calming effect on the body

Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic axons located in the spinal cord?

Lateral gray horn

In the ___ division of the ANS, the preganglionic axons are short, while in the ___ division, the preganglionic axons are relatively long

Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

Which of the following is illustrated here?

Parasympathetic outflow to effectors

Which of the following is illustrated here?

Sympathetic outflow to effectors

The digestive tract has a nervous system of its own called the ___ plexus

Enteric

Which type of receptor binds to ACh

Cholinergic

Which of the following is not an example of an autonomic receptor

Ganglionic

An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons is said to have what?

Dual innervation

Which nervous system controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Autonomic

Which division of the ANS is referred to as the “rest-and-digest” division

Parasympathetic

Regarding the adrenal gland, which of the following pairings is correct?

Medulla: The inner part