How does a high bacterial load in a wound affect wound healing?

A. Competes with healthy cells for oxygen

B. Enhances granulation tissue formation

C. Decreases inflammation

D. Promotes tissue perfusion

A. Competes with healthy cells for oxygen

Correct. A high bacterial load competes with healthy cells for oxygen, reducing the amount available for healing.

What is a characteristic sign of a local infection in a wound?

A. Systemic fever

B. Redness confined to the wound edges

C. No exudate

D. Red streaks extending from the wound

B. Redness confined to the wound edges

Correct. Redness confined to the wound edges is a sign of a local infection.

Which clinical symptom is most indicative of a spreading wound infection?

A. Increased wound size

B. Red streaks extending from the wound

C. Mild pain around the wound

D. Local warmth

B. Red streaks extending from the wound

Correct. Red streaks extending from the wound (lymphangitis) indicate a spreading infection.

What is the primary benefit of using a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) dressing on a wound?

A. It creates an osmotic effect that dehydrates bacteria.

B. It donates silver to the wound surface.

C. It binds to bacteria and is removed with a dressing change.

D. It disrupts bacterial cell membranes, killing the bacteria.

D. It disrupts bacterial cell membranes, killing the bacteria.

PHMB does NOT donate silver; it disrupts bacterial cell membranes.

Which phase of bioburden is characterized by bacteria present but not actively multiplying or causing harm?

A. Contamination

B. Colonization

C. Local infection

D. Systemic infection

A. Contamination

Colonization involves bacterial replication on the wound surface. The contamination phase is characterized by microorganisms present but not actively multiplying or causing harm.

What characteristic of biofilm makes it particularly problematic in wound care?

A. Rapid reproduction of bacteria

B. Protective extracellular matrix

C. Single-celled structure

D. Ability to form spores

B. Protective extracellular matrix

Biofilms are problematic because their extracellular matrix shields bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system.

Which clinical tool helps IDENTIFY signs of local infection in wounds?

A. ASEPSIS

B. NERDS

C. STONEES

D. TILI

C. NERDS

NERDS helps identify signs of local infection in wounds.

Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with a sweet fruity or pungent odor in wound infections?

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

C. Escherichia coli

D. Streptococcus agalactiae

B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with a sweet fruity or pungent odor.

Which hematological marker is commonly used to diagnose wound infections?

A. Hemoglobin level

B. C-reactive protein

C. Blood glucose level

D. Serum potassium

B. C-reactive

C-reactive protein is a common hematological marker used to diagnose wound infections.

Which dressing type is effective in reducing biofilm and preventing its reformation?

A. Hydrocolloid dressing

B. Silver dressing

C. Alginate dressing

D. Transparent film dressing

B. Silver dressings

Silver dressings are effective in reducing biofilm and preventing its reformation.

Which microbiological diagnostic method distinguishes between actual infection and colonization?

A. Qualitative wound culture

B. Bone scan

C. Fluoroscopy

D. Quantitative wound culture

D. Quantitative wound culture

Quantitative wound culture measures distinguish between colonization and infection.

Which agent is used specifically to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a wound?

A. Antiseptic

B. Surfactant

C. Antibacterial

D. Antimicrobial

C. Antibacterial

Antibacterial agents specifically inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Which diagnostic method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing wound infections?

A. Swab culture

B. Aspiration

C. Radiological imaging

D. Tissue biopsy

D. Tissue Biopsy

Tissue biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing wound infections as it provides accurate quantitative and qualitative data. It involves removing a small tissue from the wound for laboratory analysis.

Which type of antimicrobial dressing uses high sugar and low water content to inhibit biofilm growth?

A. Leptospermum honey

B. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

C. Cadexomer iodine

D. Silver

A. Leptospermum honey

Leptospermum honey uses high sugar and low water content to inhibit biofilm growth. It creates an osmotic effect to dehydrate the bacteria.