Flexor Hallucis longus

flexes the great toe and exerts the foot

Fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

lateral compartment muscles that plantar flex and evert the foot

gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae

Abduct the thigh to take the “at ease” stance

gluteus maximus

used to extend the hip when climbing stairs

gastrocnemius, soleus

prime movers of plantar flexion of the foot

tibialis posterior

prime mover of inversion of the foot

tibialis anterior

prime mover of dorsiflexion of the foot

adductor group

Adduct the thigh as when standing at attention

extensor digitorum longus

extends the toes

biceps femoris, semimembranousus, semitendinous

extend thigh and flex knee

Rectus femoris

extends the knee and flexes thigh

What are the 4 muscles commonly used for intramuscluar injections?

Deltoid

vastus lateralis

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

The insertion tendon of the __ group contains a large seasmoid bone, the patella

quadriceps

The tricep surae insert in common into the __ tendon

calcanal

The bulk of the tissue of a muscle tends to lie __ to the part of the body it causes to move

mediala proximal

The extrinsic muscles of the hand originate on the

forearm

Most flexor muscles are located on the __ aspect of the body

anterior

Most extensors are located__

posteria

An exception to this generalzation is the extensor-flexor musculature of the __

knee

Prime mover(agonist)

term for the bicep bracket during elbow flexion

synergist

term that describes relations of brachialis to biceps bracket during elbow flexion

Antagonist

term for triceps bracket during elbow flexion & term for iliopsoas during hip extension

Fixator

terms for the rotator cuff muscles and deltoid when the elbow is flexed and the hand grabs a tabletop to lift the table

What is the basic functional unit of a myofibril?

sacromere

Which structures moves toward the center of the sacromere when the fiber contracts?

z discs

Where would you find the largest amount of glycogen?

sacroplasm

The region where only myosin proteins are found

H zone

Sphincters

allow food to stomach

Functions of muscle tissue

motion, maintenance of posture, heat production, and storage

What do cardiac fibers do

contract and relax rapidly, continuously,and rhytmically(autorhythmicity)

Superficial fascia

connects skin to underlying muscle tissue.

Deep fascia

surrounds and suspends muscles and viscera

Aponeurosis

a sheet like tendon joining two muscles or muscle to bone

Myosin

thick

Actin

thin

Myofibrils

little threads running longitudinally and contain two types of smaller and shorter elements called myofilaments

there are thousands of tranverse tubules in each fiber why?

make sure the nerve impulse excites all parts of the cell at one time

What are transverse tubules

extensions of the sarcolemma into the muscle fiber

What are myofilaments that are arranged into compartments called

sarcomeres

what are sacromeres

Functional units of a myofibril

A band

Extends from one end to the other of the thick myofilaments and forms dark situations in skeletal muscle

I band

extends from the end of one thick filament to the beginning of the next and forms the light striations

Z line

is in the middle of each I band

H zone

within the center of the A band contains thick myofilaments but NO thin myofilaments

M line

compromised of supporting proteins which run down the middle of H zone and hold thick myofilaments together

the site where nerve and muscle meet is called what

neuromusclar junction (NMJ)

Initiation of muscle action potential excitation

nerve impulses arrives at the neuromuscular junction

acetylcholine molecules bind the receptors in motor end plate causing ion channels to open

the influx of cations causes the muscle action potential to travel over the sarcolemma

the calcium pumps then pumps calicum against the concentration gradient to the actin

Initiaiton of contraction cycle

the calcium ion binds to troponin causing troponin-tropomyosin complex to move away from mysoin binding sites

the calcium ions also cause the mitchondria to release ATPase

the enegized mysoin head attaches to the myosin-binding site on actin forming cross bridge

cross bridge rotates towards the center of the sarcomere

Mysoin heads

”walking” along the thin filaments progressively pulling thin filaments toward the M line

sliding filament mechanism

the action of the skeletal muscle shortening during contraction because the thick and thin filaments slide past one another

what are tropomysoin

regulatory proteins

Stationary is what

proximal and the origin

moveable is what

distal and the insertion

what does the bone serve as

levers

what does joints serve as

fulcrums

first class levers

EFL= effort, fulcrum, load

second class levers

FLE=Fulcrum, load, effort

third class levers

FEL=fulcrum, effort, load

in arm flexion the triceps bracket would be the ___ and the biceps brachii would be the __

Antagonist and agonist