Who discovered x-rays?

Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.

On what date were x-rays discovered?

November 8, 1895.

The first radiograph was an image of whose hand?

Mrs. Roentgen's hand.

For his discovery

Wilhelm Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in what field in 1901? ,Physics.

A fundamental property of x-rays is that they are electrically _____.

neutral

Regarding their physical properties

x-rays have no _____. ,mass

In a vacuum

at what speed do x-rays travel? ,At the speed of light.

Unlike visible light

x-rays cannot be optically _____., focused

An x-ray beam that is composed of a range of different energies is described as being _____.

polyenergetic (or heterogeneous)

X-rays are capable of causing certain substances to _____. fluoresce

When x-rays interact with tissues in the human body

they can be absorbed or _____., scattered

The interaction of x-rays with matter can produce _____ radiation.

secondary

A significant biological property of x-rays is their ability to cause chemical and biologic _____ to living tissue.

damage

X-rays exhibit a dual nature

behaving as both waves and _____. ,particles

As particles

x-rays are described as moving in discrete bundles of energy called _____. ,photons

In the context of electromagnetic waves

what is the relationship between wavelength and frequency? ,They are inversely related.

What does wavelength represent in an electromagnetic wave?

The distance between two successive crests or troughs.

What does frequency represent in an electromagnetic wave?

The number of waves passing a given point per unit of time.

What is the approximate wavelength range of x-rays used in radiography?

From $0.1$ to $1.0$ Ångströms ($\AA$).

What is the approximate frequency range of x-rays used in radiography?

From $3 \times 10^{19}$ to $3 \times 10^{18}$ Hz.

Higher energy electromagnetic radiation will have _____ frequencies and _____ wavelengths.

high, short

What is the Standard (British) unit for measuring radiation exposure in air?

Roentgen (R).

What is the SI unit for measuring radiation exposure in air?

Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg) or air kerma (Gya).

The roentgen (R) is a measure of the intensity of radiation exposure based on the amount of _____ in a specified amount of air.

ionization

Term: Absorbed Dose Definition:

A measure of the transfer of radiation energy into matter, such as tissue.

What is the Standard (British) unit for absorbed dose?

Radiation absorbed dose (rad).

What is the SI unit for absorbed dose?

Gray (Gyt).

To convert rad to gray (Gy)

one must use a conversion factor of _____., $0.01$ (since 1 rad = 0.01 Gy).

What is the Standard (British) unit for equivalent dose?

Radiation equivalent in man (rem).